摘要： In this study, typical TC6 titanium alloy was taken to investigate the effects of multiple laser peening (LP) on the vibration fatigue properties and microstructural evolution. The vibration fatigue experiments were conducted, while the vibration fatigue life of the specimens before and after LP was compared and the fracture morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the measurements of residual stress and microhardness were carried out. The microstructures produced by different treatments were also characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The experimental results indicated that multiple LP could indeed enhance the vibration fatigue properties of TC6 titanium alloy. Comparing with the investigated specimen without LP, the vibration fatigue life of the specimen subjected to 5 times LP increased by 105.2%. Meanwhile, after 5 times LP, the surface residual stress transformed from tensile stress (+26 MPa) to compressive stress (?485 MPa), and the surface microhardness was 428 HV, which increased by 32.9% compared with the untreated sample. Additionally, high-density of dislocation and deformation twin were also generated after multiple LP. The improvement of vibration fatigue properties was attributed to the rewarding compressive residual stress and the beneficial microstructural evolution induced by multiple LP.