研究目的
Investigating the effect of water layer during laser surface hardening process to increase surface hardness of bearing steels.
研究成果
Underwater laser hardening with a thin water layer (≤1 mm) significantly increases surface hardness compared to conventional methods, achieving up to 900 HV. However, the depth and width of the hardened zone are smaller. Slow scanning speeds lead to irregular hardened tracks due to water movement, suggesting the need for optimized scanning speeds in practice. The study highlights the potential of underwater laser hardening for applications requiring high surface hardness but notes the limitations in hardened zone size and the formation of quenching cracks in high-carbon steels.
研究不足
The study found that underwater laser hardening with a water layer thickness of more than 5 mm does not produce any surface hardening effect due to laser energy attenuation. Additionally, slow scanning speeds resulted in non-uniform and interrupted hardened lines, making the process unreliable for uniform hardening at such speeds.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employed a fiber laser for underwater laser hardening experiments on two types of bearing steels (AISI 52100 and 50CrMo4). The effect of water layer thickness and scanning speed on surface hardening was investigated.
2：4). The effect of water layer thickness and scanning speed on surface hardening was investigated. Sample Selection and Data Sources:
2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: Specimens were ground and polished before laser treatment. The chemical compositions of the steels were provided.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
A Ytterbium-doped fiber laser (IPG Photonics YLR-150/1500-QCW) with a wavelength of 1.07 μm was used. The setup included a galvanometric scanner for beam delivery.
4：07 μm was used. The setup included a galvanometric scanner for beam delivery. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Laser hardening was performed under various water layer thicknesses and scanning speeds. The surface morphology, microstructure, and hardness of the treated samples were analyzed using stereomicroscope, confocal microscope, and electron microscope.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The depth and width of the laser affected zone were determined from optical micrographs. Hardness measurements were performed using a Vickers hardness indenter. X-ray diffraction was used for phase identification.
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Ytterbium-doped fiber laser
YLR-150/1500-QCW
IPG Photonics
Used for laser hardening experiments
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Stereomicroscope
Olympus SZX7
Olympus
Used for studying surface morphology
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Confocal microscope
Carl Zeiss Smartproof5
Carl Zeiss
Used for surface topography analysis
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Electron microscope
JEOL 5600 L V
JEOL
Equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy for chemical and morphological analysis
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X-ray diffractometer
Panalytical Empyrean
Panalytical
Used for phase identification in microstructures
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Vickers hardness indenter
Used for hardness measurements
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