研究目的
To evaluate the shear bond strength and the adhesive remnants index (ARI) of metal brackets bonded to enamel etched with acid, Er, Cr: YSGG laser, and a combination of them.
研究成果
Er, Cr: YSGG laser conditioning in combination with acid etching leads to high shear bond strength, but potential hazardous effects on the tooth should be considered. No significant difference was found between laser and acid etching alone. Bond failure predominantly occurred at the enamel-adhesive interface with no adhesive remaining on the tooth surface.
研究不足
The study was conducted in vitro, which may not fully simulate clinical conditions. The debonding force applied by the mechanical testing machine differs from clinical debonding forces. Optimal Er, Cr: YSGG laser settings for enamel etching need further investigation.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study divided 60 human premolars into three groups based on the method of conditioning (acid etching, laser etching, and combined etching). Each group contained 20 teeth. The shear bond strength was tested using a universal testing machine, and the bond failure mode was examined under a light stereomicroscope.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Human first and second maxillary and mandibular premolars with intact crowns, extracted for orthodontic purposes, were used. The teeth were cleaned and stored in formalin and saline solution.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included an Er, Cr: YSGG laser (Waterlase Iplus, Biolase Inc.), universal testing machine (Zwick/Roell), and light stereomicroscope (BS 3060). Materials included phosphoric acid, Transbond XT primer, and Transbond XT composite.
4：0). Materials included phosphoric acid, Transbond XT primer, and Transbond XT composite. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Teeth were conditioned according to their group (acid, laser, or combined), bonded with metal brackets, and then subjected to shear bond strength testing. The bond failure site was observed under a microscope.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Descriptive statistics and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze shear bond strength values and ARI scores.
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Er, Cr: YSGG laser
Waterlase Iplus
Biolase Inc.
Conditioning enamel for orthodontic bracket bonding
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Universal testing machine
Zwick/Roell
Applying force to determine shear bond strength
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Light stereomicroscope
BS 3060
Examining bond failure mode
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Premolars stainless steel brackets
0.022 in
3M Unitek
Orthodontic brackets for bonding to enamel
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Phosphoric acid
37% gel
3M Unitek
Acid etching of enamel
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Transbond XT primer
3M Unitek
Primer for bonding area
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Transbond XT composite
3M Unitek
Composite for bonding brackets to enamel
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LED light
Bluelex
Curing composite resin
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