研究目的
To evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of 6.5% Vitis vinifera grape seed extract (GSE) against Enterococcus faecalis bio?lm using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).
研究成果
GSE presented antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis bio?lms, but NaOCl was the most effective irrigant solution. GSE was more effective than CHX and SS.
研究不足
The study's limitations include the use of a single bacterial strain (E. faecalis) and the in vitro nature of the experiment, which may not fully replicate in vivo conditions. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity was evaluated after only 10 min of exposure.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study used CLSM to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of GSE against E. faecalis bio?lm, comparing it with NaOCl, CHX, and SS.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Human single-rooted teeth were sectioned to obtain dentin discs, which were inoculated with E. faecalis to form a 3-week-old bio?lm.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Included a low-speed sectioning saw (ISOMET 1000; Buehler), confocal microscope (LEICA TCS-SPE), and LIVE/DEAD? BacLightTM ?uorescence dye.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Infected specimens were exposed to the tested solutions for 10 min, stained, and analyzed using CLSM.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The proportion of dead cells was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests.
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