1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study used the drop casting technique at 70°C to incorporate (CuO/PbI2/CH3NH3I/ZnO) on porous silicon (p-Psi). Structural, optical, and morphological properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Porous silicon was prepared using a p-type silicon wafer with an electrolytic Teflon cell containing hydrofluoric acid and ethanol. CuO and ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical precipitation methods.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included an electrode instrument for manufacturing porous silicon, thermal evaporation technique for aluminium deposition, and UV–VIS double beam UVD-3500 for optical absorption measurements. Materials included silicon wafer, hydrofluoric acid, ethanol, copper nitrate, sodium hydroxide, zinc sulphate heptahydrate, and N, N Dimethyl Formamide (DMF).

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

The process involved the preparation of porous silicon, synthesis of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles, preparation of MAPbI3-film, and fabrication of the PV device using drop-casting and sintering.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

The crystalline size was calculated using the Debye-Scherrer formula. Optical properties were analyzed to estimate the band gap, and photovoltaic properties were measured to calculate power conversion efficiency and fill factor.