1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study investigates low temperature (150 oC) processed TiO2 formulations, with and without a binder system, in two different solvents and the use of a nano particle stabiliser. The study applies to and benefits both screen printing and spray coating techniques.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Pre-coated FTO coated glass substrates were used for the photo anode and cathode. Aeroxide TiO2 P25 nanoparticles with a primary particle size of 21 nm was used.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

FTO coated glass substrates (TCO 22-7), Aeroxide TiO2 P25 nanoparticles, non-ionic surfactant binder (Triton X-100), particle stabiliser (acetylacetone), de-ionised water or tert-butanol as the solvent, Ruthenizer 535-bisTBA an N719 dye, Platisol-T, Iodide/Iodine (I-/I3-) redox solution.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

The TiO2 formulation was either screen printed or spray coated onto the FTO coated glass substrates and cured at 150 oC and 450 oC for 30 minutes, respectively. Then the dye loading process is carried out by immersing the samples into the pre-mixed dye solution for 24 hours. The last stage is to assemble the device by depositing the liquid electrolyte and sandwiching the two electrodes for testing.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

The morphology of the prepared sample photo anodes were analysed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). After dye loading and assembly, photocurrent and voltage measurements were performed on the assembled sample cells using a Keithley 2400 source meter under an ABET 1 Sun Simulator with 1.5 AM radiation for the fabricated DSSCs.