摘要： Photothermal membrane distillation (MD) combining solar harvesting and heat localization is a rapidly emerging technology for water purification and desalination. However, state-of-the-art photothermal MD still suffers from several issues in membrane fouling, material instability, poor long-term performance and complex synthesis. Herein, we demonstrate a multilevel-roughness membrane by immobilizing a nanoparticle-assembled superstructure on a nanofibrous membrane to obtain omniphobic surface wettability. The nanoparticle-assembled superstructure with abundant nano/micro channels and low surface energy simultaneously captures solar energy, repels chemical/oil-based contaminants and facilitates vapor flow. The unique mechanism based on the effects of multilevel-roughness structure allows effective control of surface wettability, leading to a successful photothermal MD application, highlighted by highly-efficient solar-thermal conversion, excellent anti-fouling behavior and durability. A high clean water yield of 9.01 kg m-2 h-1 is obtained at a solar intensity of 10 kW m-2, corresponding to a solar-water efficiency of 66.8%. More importantly, when operating in complex feed-water conditions, including oil contaminated and high-saline solution, the speed of clean water generation still presents excellent stability over 48 hours of consecutive operation, which significantly outperforms the commercial distillation membranes (typically 1 hour). Multiple merits of efficient solar-thermal conversion and long-term stability, supported by techno-economic and scalability analyses, make the composite membrane promising for clean water generation from diverse contaminant mixtures in the solar-driven MD system.