1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study uses a simple inductor-capacitor resonator with the PV cell’s junction providing the circuit’s capacitive element to switch the PV cell between three operating modes (LED, power transducer, and reverse-biased photodiode).

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

A vertical junction GaAs PV device with lateral dimensions of 2.7×2.7 mm and an active area of 3.5 mm2 was used.

3：7×7 mm and an active area of 5 mm2 was used. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes a 150 mW 852 nm laser diode, a laser driver, a function generator, a silicon photodiode detector, a spectrometer, and an optical power meter.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

The PV cell was mounted on a chip carrier, connected to a 33 μH inductor and a 1.5 kΩ load resistor in a parallel configuration. The light source was placed 100 cm away from the PV cell, and the system was operated at the circuit’s resonance frequency.

5：5 kΩ load resistor in a parallel configuration. The light source was placed 100 cm away from the PV cell, and the system was operated at the circuit’s resonance frequency. Data Analysis Methods:

5. Data Analysis Methods: The performance in terms of energy generation, forward and backward telemetry was investigated, and the circuit was simulated using an equivalent circuit model to understand energy generation and loss mechanisms.