研究目的
To demonstrate the capabilities of using modern wide-band phased-array radio telescope technology for incoherent scatter radar measurements and to apply radio astronomy technology to geoscience applications such as riometry, incoherent scatter radar, and ionospheric scintillation measurements.
研究成果
The KAIRA facility has been successfully built and is operational, demonstrating its suitability for EISCAT_3-D and opening up possibilities for multiheight bistatic measurements of the ionosphere. It also provides a multibeam riometry covering a broad range of frequencies and has shown very long baseline interferometric fringes, indicating technical performance and calibration.
研究不足
The presence of pronounced grating sidelobes from the HBA array for imaging applications and the reduced headroom for observing strong radio sources and identifying RFI when using 4-bit sampling.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
KAIRA uses the standard LOFAR signal processing system, including RCU boards for processing incoming signals, with switches and filters to select the required antenna input and observing frequency band.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The facility uses two arrays of omnidirectional VHF radio antennas for active and passive measurements.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Includes LOFAR antenna and digital signal-processing hardware, RCU boards, and HBA and LBA arrays.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The system permits rapid pointing with multiple beam formation and has high sensitivity, allowing for a wide range of geophysical remote sensing experiments.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data products include 1-s power averages of the spectrum from each RCU, 1-s power averages for each beamlet, and a correlation matrix.
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