研究目的
To compare and contrast the nonproportionality as registered by gamma rays and high-energy electrons in scintillators, and to show how the experimental gamma nonproportionality curve can be calculated from the electron response by accounting for the distribution of high energy electrons created by the gamma photon via the photoelectric interaction.
研究成果
The model reasonably reproduces the data of all three scintillators, with the exception that it poorly replicates the resolution of CsI(Na). The essential physics has been included in the analysis and all of the data has been reasonably reproduced.
研究不足
The model poorly replicates the resolution of CsI(Na), and the physics issue that may have been overlooked for CsI(Na) is not definitively identified.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involves comparing the nonproportionality registered by gamma rays and high-energy electrons in scintillators. The experimental gamma nonproportionality curve is calculated from the electron response by accounting for the distribution of high energy electrons created by the gamma photon via the photoelectric interaction.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The study uses data acquired with the scintillators (Eu), GYGAG(Ce) and CsI(Na).
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
The scintillators were mounted on Hamamatsu R6231-100SEL or 6233-100SEL photomultiplier tubes with optical grease. The PMT scintillation pulses were sent to an Ortec 113 preamplifier, the preamplifier pulses were shaped with a Tennelec TC 243 spectroscopy amplifier, and binned with an Amptek MCA8000-A multi-channel analyzer.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The measurement system was characterized for linearity and zero-offset in two ways. First an electrical test pulse was generated and introduced to the system through the preamplifier. These measurements verified that the readout electronics following the PMT are linear and introduce a small zero-offset that is corrected for in radioisotope measurements to identify low energy gamma rays.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The spectra were energy calibrated using a least-squares analysis, and energy resolution was obtained using Gaussian peak fitting in Igor Pro (accounting for background and x-ray escape peaks).
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