研究目的
To explore the efficiency of nitrate reduction by ICPB, investigate the changes in the microbial community of in-situ cultured biofilms in the combination system, and elucidate the mechanism of nitrate reduction by using intimately coupled system.
研究成果
This study proposed a protocol that intimately coupled visible-light-induced photocatalysts TiO2/g-C3N4 and in-situ cultivated biofilms for the reduction of nitrate in water. In this coupled system, a nitrate removal rate of 40.3% was achieved within 16 h with a N2 selectivity of 86.3% without the addition of further chemical reagents. The microbial community of biofilms were optimized to be favorable for the denitrification.
研究不足
The study did not investigate the performance of nitrate reduction in the ICPB system with different types of biofilms, explore the relationship between the structure of microbial community and the efficiency of denitrification, and extend the applications of ICPB to remediation of various aquatic environments.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study applied a system that intimately coupled TiO2/g-C3N4 photocatalysts and in-situ cultivated biofilms for nitrate reduction in water without additional electron donors.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Biofilms were in-situ cultivated on TiO2/g-C3N4-coated sponge carriers in the urban river named Jinchuan River.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
TiO2 powder and dicyandiamide were used to synthesize the TiO2/g-C3N4 photocatalyst composite.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The removal experiments were conducted using 100 mL solution that contained nutrients and potassium nitrate.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The nitrate concentration was analyzed using ion chromatography. The contents of nitrite and ammonium in experimental solution were determined using a continuous-flow auto-analyzer.
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UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer
UV-3600
Shimadzu Co.
Used to record the UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra.
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fluorescence spectrophotometer
FLS 1000
Edinburgh Instruments
Used to record the photoluminescence spectra.
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Fourier transformed infrared spectrometer
NEXUIS-670
Nicolet Co.
Used to analyze the FT-IR spectra.
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TiO2 powder
Sinopharm Group Co. Ltd.
Used to synthesize the TiO2/g-C3N4 photocatalyst composite.
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dicyandiamide
Sinopharm Group Co. Ltd.
Precursor of g-C3N4.
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potassium nitrate
Used as nitrate source.
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Milli-Q water
Used for all experiments.
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muffle furnace
Used to prepare g-C3N4 photocatalysts.
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sponge cubes
Xinxing Materials Manufacturer Co., Ltd.
Used as carriers for TiO2/g-C3N4 coating and biofilm cultivation.
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Xenon lamp
300 W
Beijing China Education Au-light Co., Ltd.
Used as light source for photocatalysis.
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pH meter
Used to measure pH value.
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thermometer
Used to measure temperature.
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needle filter
0.22 μm
Used to filter sampled solution.
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ion chromatography
Dionex ICS-2000
Used to analyze the nitrate concentration.
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continuous-flow auto-analyzer
Skalar
Used to determine the contents of nitrite and ammonium.
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scanning electron microscopy
Carl Zeiss Sigma HD
Used to characterize the morphology and elemental distribution of samples.
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energy dispersive spectroscopy
Oxford
Used to analyze the elemental distribution of samples.
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transmission electron microscopy
JEOL JEM 2100F
Used to characterize the microstructure of samples.
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X-ray diffractometer
Bruker D8 ADVANCE
Used to analyze the crystal structure of the prepared samples.
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high-throughput sequencing
Hiseq 2500
Illumina
Used to analyze the structure of the microbial community.
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