研究目的
Evaluating various aspects of EV charging under a TOU schedule to determine the best practical time to begin off-peak rates that minimizes the effects on secondary service voltages while ensuring EVs are fully charged by 7 A.M.
研究成果
The analysis concludes that the best time to begin off-peak rates in a TOU pricing scenario is between 11 P.M. and 12 A.M., balancing secondary service voltage quality and customer satisfaction. Starting off-peak rates at 8 P.M. exacerbates voltage drop problems. The recommendations are applicable to generic residential distribution circuits and consider future increases in EV penetration and load demand.
研究不足
The study is conducted on a specific residential distribution circuit, and while results are scalable, the recommendations may not universally apply to all distribution circuits. Additionally, the analysis assumes worst-case charging scenarios which may not reflect real-world variability.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study evaluates EV charging under TOU schedules with off-peak rates starting at hours ranging from 8 P.M. to 3 A.M. using an actual residential distribution circuit.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The analysis is conducted on an actual
3：8-kV residential distribution circuit with over 13,000 devices. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
The study uses a 50-kVA, center-tapped service transformer and 240-V/16-A Level-2 EV chargers for both 24-kWh and 16-kWh EV battery loads.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Multiple charging scenarios are simulated, including unscheduled charging and TOU charging with simultaneous and randomized starting times.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The largest increase in load demand and the largest additional voltage drops are recorded for each case, with results averaged for randomized charging scenarios.
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