摘要： Holographic imaging was first introduced in the field of optics in the late forties, when Gabor aimed at improving the quality of the images in electron microscopy. He proposed an approach to capture the magnitude and phase of a wave by means of an interference pattern formed by that wave and a known reference wave. He also developed the mathematical approach to the image reconstruction from such interference patterns. Later, in the early sixties, Leith and Upatnieks improved Gabor’s experimental setup. In their method, the reference wave is a distinct beam separated from the illuminating beam by using a beam splitter. The reference beam travels at a substantial angle to the illuminating beam and is so inclined as to never illuminate the object. This new method of providing the reference wave led to separation of the overlapping images originally produced in Gabor’s experimental setup in which the reference and object waves were nearly parallel. As a result of the work of Leith and Upatnieks, higher quality images were obtained. Since then the holography method has significantly influenced optics. In general, since optical recording media such as photographic films only respond to intensity, optical holography is applied as an indirect means of capturing the phase information of the optical wave fronts. It is implemented in two steps. The first step is the hologram formation step and the second step is the wave front reconstruction step.