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Controlled Electroless Deposition of Noble Metals on Silicon Substrates Using Self-Assembled Monolayers as Molecular Resists to Generate Nanopatterned Surfaces for Electronics and Plasmonics

DOI:10.1021/acsanm.9b01641 期刊:ACS Applied Nano Materials 出版年份:2019 更新时间:2025-09-23 15:19:57
摘要: Electroless deposition of noble metals on silicon has applications in a wide range of fields including electronic circuitry, metal plating industry, lithography, and other fabrication techniques. In addition, studies using self-assembled monolayers (SAM) as resists for electroless deposition for controlled deposition have significant potential for aiding advancement in the fields of nano electronics, sensing applications, and fundamental studies. Herein, we discuss the development of appropriate plating solutions for controlled deposition of metallic gold and silver on Si(111) surfaces in the presence of an organic silane monolayer acting as a resist film for directed metal deposition to produce metal-monolayer hybrid surfaces while investigating microscopic plating trends. For this, plating solutions were optimized to deposit metal on bare silicon surfaces while avoiding deposition on the SAM protected areas. Trends in the electroless deposition of gold and silver on a Si(111) surface as a function of concentration of metal ions, NH4F, citric acid, sodium citrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and deposition time have been monitored under ambient conditions. The resulting surfaces were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the stability of plating solutions was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy. For both gold and silver, we observed an increase in metal deposition when the concentration of NH4F, citric acid, and deposition time increased. The addition of PVP and the pH of the solution were also shown to have a significant effect on the metal deposition. The octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) SAM films act as effective nanoscale resists when the NH4F concentration is reduced from typical plating conditions. In particular, NH4F concentrations from 0.02-0.50 M and metal ions concentrations from 0.001-0.020 M were found to allow deposition of metal nanostructures on a bare Si surface while preserving OTS protected areas.
作者: Sasanka Ulapane,Nilan J. B. Kamathewatta,Hannah M. Ashberry,Cindy L Berrie
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To investigate the development of appropriate plating solutions for controlled deposition of metallic gold and silver on Si(111) surfaces in the presence of an organic silane monolayer acting as a resist film for directed metal deposition to produce metal-monolayer hybrid surfaces while investigating microscopic plating trends.

The study successfully optimized plating solutions for the electroless deposition of gold and silver on Si(111) surfaces, demonstrating the effectiveness of OTS SAM films as nanoscale resists under specific conditions. The findings suggest that controlled metal deposition can be achieved on bare silicon surfaces while preserving SAM-protected areas, with potential applications in nanoscale electronic components, optoelectronic devices, and biosensing platforms.

The study is limited by the need for precise control over plating solution conditions to prevent metal deposition on defect sites within the SAM. Additionally, the effectiveness of the OTS SAM as a resist is compromised at high NH4F concentrations and longer plating durations.

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