研究目的
To develop a novel low-temperature electron transporting material for efficient all-inorganic CsPbIBr2 solar cells by combining ALD TiO2 with low-temperature combustion-processed NiO.
研究成果
The NiO/ALD TiO2 bilayer serves as an efficient ETL for CsPbIBr2 PSCs, offering fewer traps, larger CBM offset with CsPbIBr2 film, and similar optical transmittance compared to individual ALD TiO2 ETL. The resulting CsPbIBr2 PSC achieves a superior efficiency of 9.71% and photovoltage of 1.272 V, demonstrating the potential of combining conventional HTLs with ALD TiO2 for developing low-temperature ETLs.
研究不足
The study focuses on the development of NiO/ALD TiO2 ETLs for CsPbIBr2 solar cells, but the scalability and long-term stability of these devices under operational conditions are not extensively discussed. Additionally, the study does not explore the impact of varying ALD TiO2 thickness beyond the optimized ~4 nm.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involves the design of a new electron transporting layer (ETL) by combining ALD TiO2 with combustion-processed NiO. The methodology includes the preparation of NiO/ALD TiO2 bilayer ETLs and their characterization.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The samples include CsPbIBr2 films deposited on ALD TiO2 and NiO/ALD TiO2 ETLs. Data sources include AFM, UV–vis, XPS, UPS, SEM, XRD, PL, TRPL, and photovoltaic performance measurements.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Materials include CsI, PbBr2, DMSO, methanol, 2-methoxyethanol, Nickel nitrate, and conductive carbon paste. Equipment includes AFM, UV–vis spectrophotometer, XPS/UPS system, SEM, XRD, PL/TRPL spectrometer, and solar simulator.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The procedure involves the preparation of NiO/ALD TiO2 ETLs, deposition of CsPbIBr2 films, and fabrication of solar cells. The workflow includes characterization of the ETLs and solar cells.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Data analysis involves the interpretation of AFM, UV–vis, XPS, UPS, SEM, XRD, PL, TRPL, and photovoltaic performance data to evaluate the effectiveness of the NiO/ALD TiO2 ETL.
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X-ray diffractometer
x′pert3 powder
PANalytical
X-ray diffraction pattern collection
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PL/TRPL spectrometer
FluoTime 300
PicoQuant
Steady-state photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements
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Source meter
Keithley 2636
Keithley
Current density versus voltage (J-V) curves measurement
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AFM system
Nanoscope V Dimension Icon
Bruker
Atomic force microscopy imaging
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UV–vis spectrophotometer
U-4100
Hitachi
UV–vis absorption/transmittance spectra measurement
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XPS/UPS system
ESCALAB 250Xi
Thermo Fisher
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy tests
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ALD system
Deposition of TiO2 thin layers
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SEM system
Helios NanoLab G3
Scanning electron microscopy imaging
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Solar simulator
Oriel 92251A-1000
Simulated AM 1.5G illumination for photovoltaic performance measurement
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Electrochemical workstation
CHI 660B
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott-Schottky measurements
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