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Detailed modeling of the video signal and optimal readout of charge-coupled devices

DOI:10.1002/cta.2784 期刊:International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 出版年份:2020 更新时间:2025-09-23 15:21:01
摘要: This article provides a practical design methodology to calculate an optimal filter for noise reduction in the readout of charge-coupled devices (CCDs) taking into account the charge transfer and feedthroughs due to capacitive coupling in the CCD. A detailed analysis of the dynamics of the video signal and charge transfer is presented, including the circuital modeling of the output stage of the CCD and the dynamics of the electronics in the video chain before the analog-to-digital (AD) converter. This model is used to compute an optimal filter that minimizes the variance of the pixel noise and uses the samples of the charge transfer, before the charge is fully settled. This is necessary to enhance the performance of previous results that also use optimal filters but do not use the transition samples, while also reducing the pixel readout time, resulting in faster readouts. As a proof of concept for the optimal filter, we present novel experimental results using a Skipper CCD, which has a floating sense node that allows to measure the charge packet an arbitrary number of times. However, this technique can be applied to any CCD that has a readout system that digitally samples the video signal.
作者: Guillermo Fernandez Moroni,Pedro Querejeta Simbeni,Fernando Chierchie,Leandro Stefanazzi,Eduardo Paolini,Miguel Sofo Haro,Gustavo Cancelo,Juan Estrada
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To calculate an optimal filter for noise reduction in the readout of charge-coupled devices (CCDs) taking into account the charge transfer and feedthroughs due to capacitive coupling in the CCD.

A detailed modeling of the video signal and charge transfer characteristic of the output stage of the CCD were presented, including the modeling of the clock feedthroughs. An optimal filter to compute the pixel values, which takes into account the charge transfer characteristic in CCD readout and noise characteristic, was developed. It considers all the samples in the readout, even those in the transition between pedestal and signal levels. The proposed technique gives better noise rejection than the CDS technique for the same filter length or equivalently, a reduction of the pixel-time for the same readout noise.

The experimental setup requires precise synchronization between the sequencer that operates the CCD and the digital acquisition of the video signal samples. Future work will focus on computing the pixel values using the complete pixel structure.

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