摘要： Electrospinning offers the possibility to create fibers with very fine diameters. Spinning ultrafine fibers with diameters in the range of some hundred nanometers from melt or solution has been established some decades ago. With electrospinning, depending on the exact technology, either continuous fibers or fiber mats with relatively narrow diameter distributions can be created from a broad range of materials, starting from polymers to composites and even ceramics. Due to their large inner surface area, nanofiber mats are typically used as filter materials, catalyzers, medical wound dressing, or for promotion of cell growth in biomedical applications. Electrospinning ceramic nanofibers can be performed by co-spinning a blend of polymer and ceramic precursor, followed by calcination to remove the polymer matrix and keep only the ceramic fibers. Alternatively, ceramic nanoparticles can be bonded on the surfaces of polymer nanofibers, or hybrid nanofibers can be formed, consisting of ceramic and polymer materials. In this way, electrospinning can be used to produce a broad variety of nanofibers, besides other typical methods such as self-assembly, use of templates, or drawing, for applications in life sciences, energy storage, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), electronic and magnetic devices, bonding, etc.