1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved the synthesis of C/ZnAl-LDH by pyrolysis of ZnAl-LDH using glucose solution, followed by characterization using TEM, SEM, XRD, and BET analysis. The electrochemical performance was evaluated using CV, EIS, and Tafel polarization.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

ZnAl-LDH was synthesized using co-precipitation technique, and C/ZnAl-LDH was prepared by encapsulating glucose over ZnAl-LDH surface followed by pyrolysis.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Materials included Aluminium nitrate, Zinc nitrate hexahydrate, Sodium carbonate anhydrous, Sodium hydroxide, Glucose powder, Triton- X 100, FTO glass substrates, Titanium (IV) oxide, Platinum paste, Iodolyte AN-50, Ruthenizer 535-bis TBA, and Surlyn sealing film. Equipment included SEM (Carl Zeiss; EVO 18), HR-TEM (FEI-Tecnai G2-20 Twin), BET analyser (Quantachrome Nova:1000e), AFM (Nanosurf Easy Scan2), and electrochemical workstation (CHI660C, USA).

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

C/ZnAl-LDH was synthesized, characterized, and used to fabricate CEs for DSSCs. The photovoltaic performance was tested under simulated sunlight.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

The electrochemical activity was analyzed using CV, EIS, and Tafel polarization. Photovoltaic performance was evaluated based on J-V curves.