研究目的
To estimate the 3D distribution of water vapor in atmosphere using SAR interferometry (InSAR) and Sentinel-1 data, and to enhance the forecast of atmosphere parameters by assimilating maps of propagation delay in a high-resolution Numerical Weather Model.
研究成果
The proposed methodology can provide a tool for the mapping of wet refractivity in atmosphere at a higher resolution than GNSS tomography. The liquid and hydrometeor maps can be used to identify water vapor patterns in atmosphere of interest for meteorological applications and to define features for their statistical analysis.
研究不足
The spatial resolution of 3D refractivity maps is coarse, depending on the tomographic grid. The methodology cannot directly distinguish the delays due to the wet and liquid refractivities.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The methodology relies on a high-resolution Numerical Weather Model (NWM) and the assimilation of InSAR Slant Delay (SD) maps. The output of the model is used to compute the hydrometeors, the wet and liquid refractivities.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Sentinel-1 images acquired over specific regions (Appalachian Mountains, USA; Livorno, Italy; and Serra Nevada, Adra Spain) were used to generate SD maps.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Sentinel-1 SAR data, WRF model configured with 51 vertical levels and 3 domains of 27-, 9- and 3×3 km horizontal grid spacing.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The SD maps were assimilated into the WRF model using the 3DVar method after 6 hours of forecast. The model was then assessed using SD estimates provided by GNSS stations.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The wet and liquid refractivities were computed using 3D fields of water vapor pressure and temperature generated by the WRF model, with and without the assimilation of InSAR maps.
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