1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study employed a conventional melt-quenching technique with subsequent glass crystallization to synthesize Yb3+/Tb3+/Ho3+ tri-doped transparent phosphate glass–ceramics. The UC emission intensity and energy transfer processes were systematically analyzed.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

The samples were prepared with a nominal composition of 20 K2O – 40 ZnO – 30 P2O5 – 5–10 B2O3 – 1.5 Yb2O3 – x Tb4O7 – 0.075 Ho2O3 (x = 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3).

3：5 Yb2O3 – x Tb4O7 – 075 Ho2O3 (x = 15, 2, 25 and 3). List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: The raw materials included K2CO3, ZnO, NH4H2PO4, H3BO3 (≥ 99.5%) and high purity Yb2O3, Tb4O7 and Ho2O3 (≥ 99.99%). The equipment used included DSC (STA-449-F3-Jupiter, Netzsch), XRD (D8-Advance, BRUKER), TEM (Tecnai G2 F20 S-TWIN, FEI), and a fluorescence spectrometer (FuoroSENS9000A).

4：5%) and high purity Yb2O3, Tb4O7 and Ho2O3 (≥ 99%). The equipment used included DSC (STA-449-F3-Jupiter, Netzsch), XRD (D8-Advance, BRUKER), TEM (Tecnai G2 F20 S-TWIN, FEI), and a fluorescence spectrometer (FuoroSENS9000A). Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: The samples were calcined, melted, cast, annealed, cut, polished, and heat-treated. The UC photoluminescence spectra and temperature-dependent UC emission spectra were recorded.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

The data were analyzed using Scherrer’s equation for crystallite size estimation and the Boltzmann distribution theory for FIR analysis.