摘要： The necessity of plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs) is discussed in relation to the food, resource, and environment trilemma. The definition and main components of the PFAL are described. The number of PFALs in the world, the production cost and wholesale price of the produce, and the plants suited to PFALs are briefly introduced. The main objectives of this book are described, and the image and expected ultimate functions of the smart PFAL are discussed.