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Surface potential and thin film quality of low work function metals on epitaxial graphene

DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-34595-1 期刊:Scientific Reports 出版年份:2018 更新时间:2025-09-09 09:28:46
摘要: Metal films deposited on graphene are known to influence its electronic properties, but little is known about graphene’s interactions with very low work function rare earth metals. Here we report on the work functions of a wide range of metals deposited on n-type epitaxial graphene (EG) as measured by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM). We compare the behaviors of rare earth metals (Pr, Eu, Er, Yb, and Y) with commonly used noble metals (Cr, Cu, Rh, Ni, Au, and Pt). The rare earth films oxidize rapidly, and exhibit unique behaviors when on graphene. We find that the measured work function of the low work function group is consistently higher than predicted, unlike the noble metals, which is likely due to rapid oxidation during measurement. Some of the low work function metals interact with graphene; for example, Eu exhibits bonding anomalies along the metal-graphene perimeter. We observe no correlation between metal work function and photovoltage, implying the metal-graphene interface properties are a more determinant factor. Yb emerges as the best choice for future applications requiring a low-work function electrical contact on graphene. Yb films have the strongest photovoltage response and maintains a relatively low surface roughness, ~5 nm, despite sensitivity to oxidation.
作者: Matthew DeJarld,Paul M. Campbell,Adam L. Friedman,Marc Currie,Rachael L. Myers-Ward,Anthony K. Boyd,Samantha G. Rosenberg,Shojan P. Pavunny,Kevin M. Daniels,D. K. Gaskill
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Investigating the work functions of a wide range of metals deposited on n-type epitaxial graphene (EG) and comparing the behaviors of rare earth metals with commonly used noble metals.

The study found discrepancies between the measured and predicted work functions of metals deposited on graphene, with rare earth metals showing higher measured values due to oxidation effects. Yb was identified as the most promising metal for low-work function contacts on graphene due to its strong photovoltage response and resistance to oxidation.

The rapid oxidation of rare earth metals upon exposure to the atmosphere may affect the accuracy of work function measurements. The purity of the deposited metals and the presence of contaminants in the vacuum chamber could also influence the results.

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