研究目的
To assess the feasibility of applying photoplethysmography imaging to the sole of the foot for acquiring signals with an adequate signal-to-noise ratio, comparing its performance to the palm of the hand, and evaluating the impact of using a pixel subset on signal quality.
研究成果
The proposed setup for photoplethysmography imaging at the sole of the foot acquires signals with an adequate signal-to-noise ratio. Using a pixel subset improves signal quality at the foot to the level of the hand, making it a feasible alternative for applications where the hands are not accessible. The study also highlights the need for established guidelines for signal quality evaluation in PPGi research.
研究不足
The study was conducted in a controlled environment with healthy volunteers, which may not fully represent clinical or challenging conditions. The ground truth was measured from the finger, which could introduce bias due to different pulse transit times compared to the foot.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved applying photoplethysmography imaging to the sole of the foot and the palm of the hand, using a commercial finger photoplethysmography unit as ground truth. The setup included a transparent glass plate, an industrial camera, and an array of light emitting diodes for controlled illumination.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Measurements were performed on 21 healthy volunteers with diverse ethnic backgrounds. The study was conducted in an office environment with precautions to filter out ambient illumination.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
The setup included a glass plate (30×30×0.5 cm), an industrial camera (IDS uEye UI 154xSE-M with Pentax H1212B object lens), light emitting diodes (L-7113VGC-E Kingbright), a portable sun shade (ThinkTank Pixel Sunscreen V2.0), and a commercial PPG unit (Biopac MP30 with finger pulse oximeter SS4LA).
4:5 cm), an industrial camera (IDS uEye UI 154xSE-M with Pentax H1212B object lens), light emitting diodes (L-7113VGC-E Kingbright), a portable sun shade (ThinkTank Pixel Sunscreen V0), and a commercial PPG unit (Biopac MP30 with finger pulse oximeter SS4LA). Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Participants were asked to sit in a relaxed position while PPGi was applied to the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot in separate experiments. Conventional PPG was acquired in parallel from the index finger of the left hand.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
The data processing pipeline included data loading, HR determination, best pixel selection, and signal filtering and peak detection. Five different performance measures were used for signal quality evaluation.
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IDS uEye UI 154xSE-M camera
UI 154xSE-M
IDS
Industrial camera used for capturing photoplethysmography imaging frames.
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Pentax H1212B object lens
H1212B
Pentax
Lens used with the IDS uEye camera for focusing on the subject's skin.
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L-7113VGC-E Kingbright
L-7113VGC-E
Kingbright
Light emitting diodes used for controlled illumination in the photoplethysmography imaging setup.
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ThinkTank Pixel Sunscreen V2.0
Pixel Sunscreen V2.0
ThinkTank
Portable sun shade used to filter out ambient illumination during experiments.
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Biopac MP30 acquisition unit
MP30
Biopac
Commercial unit used for acquiring finger photoplethysmography signals as ground truth.
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finger pulse oximeter SS4LA
SS4LA
Biopac
Pulse oximeter used with the Biopac MP30 unit for acquiring PPG signals from the finger.
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Arduino Nano
Nano
Arduino
Open source development board used for sending trigger signals to the measurement unit.
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