1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved the preparation of GH-type liquid crystal cells with different colors (yellow, magenta, cyan, green, and gray) using 5CB and diazo-based dichroic dyes. The cells were prepared in different driving modes: TN, IPS, VA, and without alignment.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

The 5CB liquid crystal was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., and the dichroic dyes were obtained from Hayashibara Co. The liquid crystal cells were purchased from E.H.C. Co.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

UV-vis spectra were recorded with a V-670 spectrophotometer. Impedance was measured with a chemical impedance analyzer (Model No. IM 3590). The driving characteristics were determined using a function generator (Model No. AFG3021B) and an oscilloscope (Model No. TDS2022B).

4：0). The driving characteristics were determined using a function generator (Model No. AFG3021B) and an oscilloscope (Model No. TDS2022B). Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: The GH-type liquid crystal for each dye was prepared by mixing 1 wt% of dichroic dye into the liquid crystal, heated to 80°C, and then poured into the liquid crystal cell for each driving mode. The optical and electrical properties were analyzed.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

The UV-vis spectra were analyzed to assign the interband transitions. The impedance and phase difference were measured to analyze the electrical properties. The driving characteristics were determined by measuring the change in the voltage of a photodiode.