研究目的
Investigating the effects of sodium doping on the optical, thermo-optical, and piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nanoparticles and comparing them with undoped particles.
研究成果
Sodium doping reduces the indirect optical band gap of PZT nanoparticles, leading to increased absorption and extinction coefficients. It also enhances the piezoelectric coefficient by 28%. The study provides insights into modifying the properties of PZT nanoparticles through doping.
研究不足
The study focuses on the effects of sodium doping on PZT nanoparticles, but the mechanisms behind the observed changes in optical and piezoelectric properties could be further explored. The small amount of doping may not show notable additional phases in XRD patterns.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The sol–gel method was used to synthesize PZT NPs doped with sodium. Optical properties were investigated using transmission and reflection spectra, and a numerical method was introduced to study the effect of Na atoms on the real and imaginary parts of permittivity. Z-scan experiments were performed to measure thermo-optical and nonlinear absorption coefficients. Piezoelectric properties were investigated using a Michelson interferometer.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
PZT NPs were synthesized in powder phase using citric acid, nitric acid, titanium isopropoxide, lead(II) nitrate, and zirconium oxynitrate. For doped samples, NaOH was added.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Ultrasonic bath (UP-400-A-ultrasound technology development-Iran), Nd-YAG laser, Michelson interferometer, He–Ne laser.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Powders were dispersed in ethanol using an ultrasonic bath. Thin films were prepared by dip-coating and drying. XRD patterns, SEM images, and optical absorption spectra were analyzed.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Optical band gap was calculated using absorption spectra. Nonlinear refractive index and absorption coefficients were obtained from z-scan experiments. Piezoelectric properties were measured using interferometry.
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