研究目的
To examine the mechanisms of photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and oxidative degradation of sulfisoxazole (SIZ) using graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a catalyst under visible light irradiation.
研究成果
g-C3N4 is an effective photocatalyst for both reduction of Cr(VI) and oxidation of SIZ under visible light, with high efficiency and reusability. The mechanisms involve specific radicals (CO2?? for reduction, SO4?? and ?OH for oxidation) initiated by photogenerated carriers. This work advances the application of polymeric photocatalysts in environmental remediation.
研究不足
The study was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions; scalability to real-world wastewater treatment may face challenges. The catalyst's performance is pH-dependent, with optimal efficiency in acidic conditions, which might not be practical for all environments. Long-term stability and cost-effectiveness for large-scale applications were not extensively tested.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employed g-C3N4 as a photocatalyst for reduction and oxidation reactions. Catalytic reduction of Cr(VI) used formic acid (FA) as a reducing agent, and oxidative degradation of SIZ used potassium peroxydisulfate (PS) as an oxidizing agent under visible light irradiation. Mechanisms were investigated using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
g-C3N4 was synthesized via urea pyrolysis. Cr(VI) source was potassium dichromate, and SIZ was purchased. De-ionized water was used for all experiments.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included SEM (Hitachi S-4800), TEM (JEM-2100 F), XRD (Shimadzu XRD-6000), XPS (ESCALAB 250), FTIR (Nicolet 670), UV-vis spectrophotometer (Cary 50 Scan, UV-2450), HPLC (Agilent 1200 infinity series), ESR spectrometer (JES-FA200), Zetasizer nano ZS90. Materials included urea, formic acid, potassium peroxydisulfate, sulfisoxazole, and various chemicals from Sinopharm and other suppliers.
4:Materials included urea, formic acid, potassium peroxydisulfate, sulfisoxazole, and various chemicals from Sinopharm and other suppliers. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: For Cr(VI) reduction, g-C3N4 was dispersed in water with Cr(VI) and FA, stirred for adsorption equilibrium, then irradiated with visible light. Samples were taken at intervals, filtered, and Cr(VI) concentration measured by UV-vis. For SIZ degradation, similar steps with PS added, and SIZ concentration measured by HPLC. pH was adjusted using NaOH and HCl.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Kinetics analyzed using ln(C/C0) = kt. ESR used to identify radicals. XPS and other techniques for material characterization.
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Scanning Electron Microscope
S-4800
Hitachi
Observing the morphology of materials
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Transmission Electron Microscope
JEM-2100 F
JEOL
Observing microstructure of materials
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X-ray Diffractometer
XRD-6000
Shimadzu
Studying the phase of materials
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X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
ESCALAB 250
ThermoFisher Scientific
Analysis of surface elements
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UV-vis Spectrophotometer
UV-2450
Shimadzu
Diffuse reflectance spectra
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Electron Spin Resonance Spectrometer
JES-FA200
JEOL
ESR analysis for radical detection
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Zetasizer
nano ZS90
Malvern Instruments
Zeta potential determination
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UV-vis Spectrometer
Cary 50 Scan
Agilent
Measuring Cr(VI) concentration
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HPLC
Agilent 1200 infinity series
Agilent
Determining SIZ concentration
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Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer
Nicolet 670
Nicolet
FTIR analysis
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