研究目的
To analyse the impact of increasing penetration of photovoltaics (PVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) on domestic electricity distribution network charges in Great Britain, focusing on fairness and cost reflectivity under different uptake scenarios.
研究成果
The research concludes that under current two-part tariff structures, increasing PV penetration raises distribution tariffs for all customer groups, while increasing EV penetration lowers them. The tariffs are EV-dominated in Great Britain, and future projections suggest overall decreases in tariffs. This highlights issues of fairness, as households without PVs bear a higher burden, and suggests that regulatory changes may be needed to ensure cost-reflective and equitable tariff designs, though the specific outcomes depend on regional factors like solar intensity and EV charging patterns.
研究不足
The study assumes that the probability of having EV and PV is independently distributed and that total distribution revenue remains fixed, which may not account for actual cost increases or behavioral changes. It focuses only on two DNOs in Great Britain, limiting generalizability. The analysis does not consider the impact of energy storage or other distributed energy resources, and relies on projections that may change over time.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study uses a case study approach with quantitative analysis based on the Common Distribution Charging Methodology (CDCM) for electricity distribution networks in Great Britain. It involves calculating distribution tariffs for different customer groups under varying PV and EV penetration scenarios, keeping allowed revenues and fixed charges constant while adjusting variable volumetric rates.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Data is sourced from two Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) in Great Britain: Scottish Hydro Electric Power Distribution (SHEPD) and London Power Networks (LPN), representing the most and least expensive regions. Customer groups are defined based on ownership of PVs and EVs, with uptake rates varied from 1% to 50%.
3：0%.
List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: No specific experimental equipment or materials are mentioned; the study relies on existing data and methodologies from regulatory reports and statistics.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The methodology involves calculating metered energy imports and number of customers for each group, then using formulas to derive variable rates and total tariffs while holding fixed revenues constant. Scenarios are simulated for different penetration levels.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data analysis includes statistical calculations of tariffs, visualization through graphs, and comparison of results across scenarios to assess impacts on fairness and cost reflectivity.
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