研究目的
To design and investigate a red phosphor of Pr3+ doped NaNbO3 with a perovskite structure that exhibits low-temperature long persistent luminescence (LPL), addressing the poor LPL performance at low temperatures due to insufficient thermal activation energy.
研究成果
Pr3+ doped NaNbO3 phosphors exhibit red long persistent luminescence for over 16 hours at 200 K, attributed to the 1D2→3H4 transition of Pr3+ ions and the presence of shallow traps (≤ 0.6 eV). This demonstrates the importance of defect structures in enabling low-temperature LPL, with potential applications in biological labelling and imaging under extreme conditions.
研究不足
The thermoluminescence measurements at room temperature are limited in range, potentially missing some trap information. The study focuses on low-temperature LPL, but applications in extreme conditions may require further optimization of material properties and trap depths.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study uses a high-temperature solid-state method to synthesize NaNbO3: xPr3+ samples with varying Pr3+ concentrations. Methods include X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification, Rietveld refinement for structural analysis, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for band gap estimation, photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopy for optical characterization, thermoluminescence (TL) measurements for trap analysis, and low-temperature PL and LPL measurements using time-resolved fluorescence spectrophotometry.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Samples are synthesized with x=0, 0.004, 0.006, 0.008, 0.010, 0.012, and 0.014 Pr3+ doping concentrations. Data are collected from laboratory measurements using specified instruments.
3：004, 006, 008, 010, 012, and 014 Pr3+ doping concentrations. Data are collected from laboratory measurements using specified instruments. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes an X-ray diffractometer (D8ADVANCE/Germany Bruker), UV-visible spectrophotometer, fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hitachi F-7000), TL meter (FJ-427A), camera (Nikon D7100), and time-resolved fluorescence spectrophotometer (FLS980; Edinburgh Instrument Ltd). Materials include Na2CO3 (99.99%), Nb2O5 (99.99%), Pr6O11 (99.99%), and H3BO3 (A.R.).
4：99%), Nb2O5 (99%), Pr6O11 (99%), and H3BO3 (A.R.). Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Samples are prepared by mixing raw materials, grinding, calcining at 1200°C for 8 hours, and cooling. XRD is performed from 10° to 80° with a step size of 0.02°. PL and PLE spectra are recorded at room temperature and low temperatures. TL measurements involve UV irradiation for 15 minutes followed by heating from 300 to 600 K at 1 K/s. Low-temperature measurements are conducted using a temperature-controlled instrument.
5：02°. PL and PLE spectra are recorded at room temperature and low temperatures. TL measurements involve UV irradiation for 15 minutes followed by heating from 300 to 600 K at 1 K/s. Low-temperature measurements are conducted using a temperature-controlled instrument. Data Analysis Methods:
5. Data Analysis Methods: XRD data are refined using the GSAS program. Band gaps are estimated using the Kubelka-Munk function and Tauc relation. TL curves are fitted to identify trap depths using Gaussian fitting and the equation ET = Tm/500. PL and LPL intensities are analyzed to determine optimal doping concentration and trap characteristics.
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X-ray diffractometer
D8ADVANCE
Bruker
Used for phase identification of the synthesized powder samples by X-ray diffraction.
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fluorescence spectrophotometer
F-7000
Hitachi
Used for recording room temperature photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence excitation (PLE), and long persistent luminescence (LPL) spectra.
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time-resolved fluorescence spectrophotometer
FLS980
Edinburgh Instrument Ltd
Used for measuring low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) and long persistent luminescence (LPL) spectra, as well as low-temperature LPL lifetimes.
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TL meter
FJ-427A
Beijing Nuclear Instrument Factory
Used for measuring thermoluminescence (TL) curves to analyze trap characteristics in the samples.
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camera
D7100
Nikon
Used for recording digital photographs of the samples under UV radiation and after removal of excitation.
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