研究目的
To develop a new sensitive and selective fluorescent phenothiazine probe for the detection of cyanide ions in aqueous environments and test strips.
研究成果
The phenothiazine fluorophore demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity for cyanide detection with a low detection limit, enabling practical applications such as dipstick tests for rapid cyanide monitoring in aqueous media.
研究不足
The probe's performance may be limited by potential interference in complex matrices, photostability issues, and the need for optimization in purely aqueous environments beyond the 90:10 acetonitrile-water mixture used.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved the synthesis of a phenothiazine-based fluorophore with a donor-π-acceptor structure, designed for nucleophilic addition by cyanide ions to induce optical changes. Spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis, fluorescence) were used to monitor interactions.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The probe was synthesized from reagents purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Titration experiments used aqueous potassium cyanide solutions in acetonitrile-water mixtures.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included Bruker Advance 600 MHz NMR, PerkinElmer spectra 100 IR spectrometer, Agilent GC 7000 mass spectrometer, Shimadzu UV-visible Spectrophotometer, PerkinElmer LS 55 Spectrometer. Materials included spectroscopic grade solvents and reagents from Sigma-Aldrich.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Synthesis involved N-alkylation, Vilsmeier formylation, and Knoevenagel condensation. Spectroscopic titrations were performed in quartz cells with incremental cyanide additions, monitoring absorption and emission at specific wavelengths.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Detection limit was calculated using 3S/ρ equation, where S is standard deviation of blank measurements and ρ is the slope of intensity vs. concentration. Selectivity was assessed by comparing responses to various anions.
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NMR Spectrometer
Bruker Advance 600 MHz
Bruker
Used for studying 1H and 13C NMR spectra in CDCl3-d6 to characterize synthesized compounds.
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IR Spectrometer
PerkinElmer spectra 100
PerkinElmer
Used for recording infrared spectra of synthesized compounds.
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Mass Spectrometer
Agilent GC 7000
Agilent
Used for mass spectroscopy analysis of synthesized compounds.
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UV-visible Spectrophotometer
Shimadzu UV-visible Spectrophotometer
Shimadzu
Used for studying UV-visible absorption spectra of the probe and its interactions with cyanide.
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Fluorescence Spectrometer
PerkinElmer LS 55
PerkinElmer
Used for reporting fluorescence emission spectra of the probe and its responses to cyanide.
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