研究目的
To develop a fully solar-powered uninterrupted overall water-splitting system for hydrogen generation, addressing the limitations of intermittent solar power and grid-dependent batteries.
研究成果
The integrated system successfully achieves 24-hour uninterrupted water splitting using solar energy, with high efficiency and stability, offering a promising approach for renewable energy applications and sustainable development.
研究不足
The system relies on specific materials and conditions, such as alkaline electrolyte and the stability of components over long periods; scalability and cost-effectiveness in real-world applications may need further optimization.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study integrates solar cells, Ni-Zn batteries, and electrocatalysts for continuous water splitting. Methods include hydrothermal synthesis, phosphidation, and electrochemical testing.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Nickel foam (NF) substrates, zinc-nickel-cobalt oxide nanowire arrays (ZNCO NWAs), and zinc-nickel-cobalt phosphide nanowire arrays (ZNCP NWAs) were prepared and characterized.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical workstations. Materials include Co(NO3)2·6H2O, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, CO(NH2)2, NH4F, NiSO4, K2S2O8, aqueous ammonia, NaH2PO2, KOH electrolyte, and commercial planar polycrystalline Si solar cells (PSSC).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
ZNCO NWAs were grown on NF via hydrothermal method and calcination. ZNCO@Ni(OH)2 core-shell structures were formed by chemical bath deposition. ZNCP NWAs were obtained by phosphidation. Ni-Zn batteries were assembled with ZNCO@Ni(OH)2/NF cathode and Zn anode. Solar cells charged the batteries, and overall water splitting was tested in a two-electrode system.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Electrochemical performance was analyzed using galvanostatic charge-discharge curves, polarization curves, and chronopotentiometry. Gas chromatography measured O2 and H2 production.
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solar cell
planar polycrystalline Si solar cell (PSSC)
commercial
Convert solar energy to electricity for charging batteries and powering electrocatalysis during the day.
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Ni-Zn battery
Store energy from solar cells and provide steady output voltage for water splitting, especially at night.
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electrocatalyst
zinc-nickel-cobalt phosphide nanowire arrays (ZNCP NWAs)
Serve as bifunctional catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting.
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nickel foam
NF
Substrate for growing ZNCO and ZNCP nanowire arrays.
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scanning electron microscopy
SEM
Characterize the morphology of nanowire arrays.
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transmission electron microscopy
TEM
Analyze the structure of nanowires.
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energy-dispersive spectroscopy
EDS
Elemental analysis and mapping.
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
XPS
Investigate chemical compositions and valence states.
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electrochemical workstation
Measure electrochemical performance such as charge-discharge curves and polarization curves.
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gas chromatography
Measure O2 and H2 production during water splitting.
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