研究目的
To improve the aggregation of barium titanate (BT) nanoparticles and the compatibility of BT/polyamide 11 (PA11) nanocomposites by modifying BT nanoparticles with surfactants using an easy and low-cost process, enhancing dielectric properties.
研究成果
The dry surface modification process with surfactants, especially OPE, effectively reduces BT nanoparticle aggregation and improves compatibility with PA11, leading to enhanced dielectric properties (higher dielectric constant, lower loss), better mechanical properties, and reduced interfacial polarization. This provides a simple, low-cost method for improving nanocomposite performance, with potential applications in capacitors and sensors.
研究不足
The dielectric constant improvement was not very large, and dielectric loss reduction was modest. The method may not be fully optimized for all applications, and further cost or process simplifications could be explored.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study used a dry surface modification process with high-speed shear agitation to modify BT nanoparticles with surfactants (KH550, SP60, OPE) to improve dispersion and compatibility in PA11 matrix. Dielectric and mechanical properties were analyzed to evaluate the effects.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
BT nanoparticles (average size 200 nm) and PA11 pellets were sourced from specific suppliers. Modified nanocomposites were prepared with 4 wt% surfactants relative to BT weight.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included a high-speed shear agitator, HAAKE plastic order mixer, plate vulcanizer, Nicolet IS10 FTIR spectrometer, FEI Inspect SEM, Rigaku Ultima IV diffractometer, universal testing machine (Instron 5576), Novocontrol concept 50 dielectric spectrometer, and SG-255G breakdown strength tester. Materials included BT nanoparticles, PA11, KH550, SP60, OPE.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
BT nanoparticles were dried at 100°C, modified with surfactants in a high-speed shear agitator at 60°C and 28,000 rpm for 10 min. Modified BT was blended with melted PA11 at 190°C and 70 rpm for 6 min, then hot-pressed into 80 μm films at 200°C and 12 MPa. Characterization involved FTIR, SEM, XRD, tensile testing, dielectric spectroscopy (1-10^7 Hz, 20-180°C), and breakdown strength testing.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using standard methods; tensile results were averaged from five repeats, and breakdown strength was evaluated with Weibull distribution from at least 15 repeats. Dielectric properties were interpreted using complex dielectric constant and modulus theories.
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SEM
FEI Inspect
FEI
Observe the morphology and dispersion of BT nanoparticles in PA11 nanocomposites.
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XRD diffractometer
Rigaku Ultima IV
Rigaku
Identify the crystalline structure of BT/PA11 nanocomposites using X-ray diffraction.
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FTIR spectrometer
Nicolet IS10
Nicolet
Characterize the structure of modified BT nanoparticles by identifying chemical groups through infrared spectroscopy.
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Universal testing machine
Instron 5576
Instron
Measure mechanical properties such as elastic modulus, breaking elongation, and break strength of nanocomposites.
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Dielectric spectrometer
Novocontrol concept 50
Novocontrol
Characterize dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and dielectric modulus over frequency and temperature ranges.
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Breakdown strength tester
SG-255G
Evaluate the breakdown strength of nanocomposite films under high voltage.
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High-speed shear agitator
Modify BT nanoparticles with surfactants using high-speed stirring.
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Plastic order mixer
HAAKE
HAAKE
Melt and blend PA11 with modified BT nanoparticles.
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Plate vulcanizer
Hot-press the nanocomposite mixture into films.
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