研究目的
To investigate the enhanced photoreduction of chromium (VI) through intercalated ion-exchange and bulk-charge transfer in BiOBr0.75I0.25 layers, aiming for efficient detoxification even under neutral pH conditions.
研究成果
BiOBr0.75I0.25 effectively reduces Cr(VI) to Cr(III) under neutral conditions via intercalated ion-exchange and bulk-charge transfer, with stable performance over multiple cycles. The novel mechanism involves CrO4^2- intercalation, LMCT excitation, and Cr3+ de-intercalation, offering a sustainable approach for wastewater treatment.
研究不足
The study is limited to laboratory-scale experiments with specific catalyst synthesis and conditions; scalability to industrial applications may require further optimization. The mechanism relies on intercalation, which might be affected by competing ions in real wastewater. The pH range tested is 2.0 to 7.0, and performance outside this range is not explored.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study used a hydrothermal method to synthesize BiOBr
2:75I25, followed by photocatalytic reduction experiments under visible light irradiation. Techniques included UV-Vis, XRD, XPS, EPR, and photoelectrochemical measurements to analyze interactions and charge transfer processes. Sample Selection and Data Sources:
BiOBr
3:75I25 was synthesized from Bi(NO3)3, KBr, and KI. Cr(VI) solutions at various concentrations and pH levels were used. Data were collected from spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included a 300-W xenon lamp with a 420-nm cut-off filter, cylindrical photochemical reactor, XPS (ESCALAB 250Xi, ThermoFisher Scientific), XRD (X’Pert PRO, PANalytical), UV-Vis spectrophotometers (UV2401, Shimadzu and U-3010, Hitachi), ICP-OES (710, Agilent), EPR (ELEXSYS 500E, Bruker), and a three-electrode system for chronoamperometry. Materials included Bi(NO3)3, KBr, KI, PVP, ethylene glycol, Cr(VI) salts, DMPO, TEMPO, and FTO glasses.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
BiOBr
5:75I25 was synthesized hydrothermally at 150°C for 12h. For photocatalytic reduction, 20 mg catalyst was added to 50 ml Cr(VI) solution, stirred in dark for 5h, irradiated, sampled at intervals, and filtered. Characterizations involved adsorption studies, light irradiation, and electrochemical measurements. Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using pseudo-first order kinetics for reduction rates, spectroscopic peak shifts, EPR signal intensities, and photocurrent responses. Statistical analysis was implied through kinetic constants and comparative measurements.
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XPS
ESCALAB 250Xi
ThermoFisher Scientific
Used for high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis to study surface interactions and chemical states.
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XRD
X’Pert PRO
PANalytical
Used for X-ray powder diffraction to analyze crystal structure and phase changes.
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UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
UV2401
Shimadzu
Used for ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy in diffuse reflection mode to measure optical absorption.
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UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
U-3010
Hitachi
Used to measure Cr(VI) concentration at 540 nm using the 1,5-diphenylcarbazid method.
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ICP-OES
710
Agilent Technologies
Used for inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry to measure total chromium concentration.
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EPR
ELEXSYS 500E
Bruker
Used for electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify intermediates and reactive species.
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Xenon Lamp
300-W with 420-nm cut-off filter
Not specified
Used as a visible light source for photocatalytic experiments.
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Autoclave
Teflon-lined stainless-steel
Not specified
Used for hydrothermal synthesis of BiOBr0.75I0.25.
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FTO Glass
Fluorine-doped tin oxide coated
Not specified
Used as a substrate for photoelectrochemical measurements.
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