研究目的
To review the current applications of fluorescence in endocrine surgery.
研究成果
Fluorescence-guided surgery is providing important advances that may change the conception of endocrine surgery in the future. Although more studies are needed to provide greater statistical evidence for these new advances, the current results are promising.
研究不足
The series of cases in the reviewed studies are modest in size, and protocols for fluorescence use are diverse and not standardized. There is a need for more studies to provide greater statistical evidence for these advances.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed search engine to find articles containing keywords related to fluorescence and endocrine surgery. All found articles were evaluated, with a focus on those providing higher scientific evidence or novel advances.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Articles published in PubMed that include keywords such as 'fluorescence', 'indocyanine green', 'near-infrared', 'autofluorescence', 'adrenalectomy', 'adrenal', 'parathyroid', or 'thyroidectomy' were selected.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Various fluorescence imaging devices and indocyanine green (ICG) were used in the studies reviewed, but specific equipment details are not provided in this review paper.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The review summarizes procedures from multiple studies, including the administration of ICG, use of near-infrared light, and imaging with specialized cameras to visualize fluorescence in adrenal, thyroid, and parathyroid surgeries.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The analysis involved qualitative and quantitative assessments of fluorescence intensity, correlation with gland function, and statistical comparisons where applicable in the reviewed studies.
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Photodynamic Eye
PDE
Hamamatsu Photonics
Device designed for surgery with indocyanine green, used for fluorescence detection.
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Firefly
Intuitive Surgical, Inc.
Fluorescence imaging device for use in robotic surgery to visualize structures with indocyanine green.
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Pinpoint
Novadaq Technologies, Inc.
Fluorescence imaging system for intraoperative guidance in surgery.
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SPY
Novadaq Technologies, Inc.
Fluorescence imaging system for assessing tissue perfusion and function.
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Fluobeam 800
Fluoptics
Near-infrared imaging device for detecting autofluorescence in parathyroid glands.
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INFRALUX-300
Daekyung Electro Medical Co
Infrared lamp system to enhance visualization of periparathyroid tissue.
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Image 1 HD
Karl Storz
Imaging system for laparoscopic surgery with near-infrared capabilities.
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