研究目的
To develop lead-free ferroelectric ceramics with high pyroelectric coefficient at room temperature for thermal energy harvesting applications.
研究成果
A high room-temperature pyroelectric coefficient of 27.2 × 10-4 C m-2 K-1 was achieved in lead-free BNT-BZT ceramics by modulating the Zr content to tune the phase transition to near room temperature. This represents a significant improvement over pristine BNT-BT and is comparable to lead-based materials, making it promising for thermal energy harvesting applications.
研究不足
The phase transition temperature is tuned to around 38°C, which is close to room temperature but may still require optimization for broader ambient conditions. The pyroelectric coefficient is depressed by Zr doping compared to peak values, and the energy harvesting performance was tested under specific temperature fluctuations (25°C to 50°C).
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The solid-state reaction method was used to prepare
2：94Bi5Na5TiO3-06BaTi1-xZrxO3 (BNT-BZxT1-x) ceramics with x = 0 to The method involved ball milling, calcining, pressing into pellets, and sintering. Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Commercially available reagent grade metal oxides (Bi2O3, Na2CO3, TiO2, BaCO3, ZrO2) were used as starting materials.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes X-ray diffraction (XRD) system (7000S/L, Shimadzu Corp.), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, Zeiss Geminisem 300), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, Oxford instruments X-MaxN SN 78,861), impedance analyzer (E4980 A, Agilent technologies), Polarization Loop Test System (PolyK Technologies), Pyroelectric Test System (PK-SPIV17 T, USA), Keithley 6485 Picoammeter, Keithley 6517B electrometer. Materials include polyvinyl alcohols, silver paste, ethyl alcohol.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Powders were mixed, ball milled, calcined, pressed into pellets, sintered. Samples were polished, printed with silver paste, annealed, poled with DC electric field. Measurements included XRD, SEM, EDS, dielectric properties, P-E loops, pyroelectric properties, and energy harvesting tests.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Grain size measured with Nano Measure software, lattice constants deduced with Rietveld refinement, spontaneous polarization calculated with Origin software, energy density calculated by integral formula.
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X-ray diffraction system
7000S/L
Shimadzu Corp.
Characterization of phase compositions and crystal structures
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Field emission scanning electron microscopy
Geminisem 300
Zeiss
Characterization of grain morphology
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Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
X-MaxN SN 78,861
Oxford instruments
Characterization of energy-dispersive spectra
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Impedance analyzer
E4980 A
Agilent technologies
Measurement of relative permittivity and dielectric loss
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Picoammeter
6485
Keithley
Measurement of pyroelectric currents
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Electrometer
6517B
Keithley
Acquisition of pyroelectric voltages and currents for energy harvesting
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Polarization Loop Test System
PolyK Technologies
Recording of polarization-electric field loops
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Pyroelectric Test System
PK-SPIV17 T
Measurement of pyroelectric properties
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