1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study used the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method to synthesize Eu-doped Al2O3 transparent ceramics with varying Eu concentrations (

2：001%, 01%, 1%, 0%). The sintering process involved specific temperature and pressure steps under a reductive atmosphere to generate defects and improve dosimeter properties. Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Samples were prepared from Al2O3 and Eu2O3 powders mixed stoichiometrically, with a total mass of

3：5 g per sample. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included Sinter Land LabX-100 for SPS, spectrophotometer (Jasco, V670) for transmittance, Quantaurus-QY (Hamamatsu Photonics, C11347) for quantum efficiency, spectrometer (Jasco, FP8600) for PL spectra, Quantaurus-τ (Hamamatsu Photonics, C11367) for PL decay, X-ray generator (Spellman, XRB80P&N200×4550) for scintillation, spectrometer (Andor, DU-420-BU2 CCD with Shamrock 163 monochromator) for scintillation spectra, afterglow system for decay profiles, TSL reader (TL2000, Nanogray Inc.) for TSL curves, and CCD-based spectrometer (Ocean Optics, QEPro) for TSL spectra. Materials included Al2O3 powder (Taimei chemicals,

4：99%) and Eu2O3 powder (Rare Metallic, 99%). Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Powders were hand-mixed, sintered in a graphite die with specific temperature ramps and pressures, polished, and then characterized for optical transmittance, PL, scintillation, and TSL properties using the listed equipment.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using exponential decay functions for PL and scintillation decay times, numerical approximations for TSL glow curves assuming first-order kinetics, and least-square fitting for dose response linearity.