研究目的
To propose an analytical theory of LP01-LP11 mode interference and investigate its application in curvature measurement, including eliminating temperature effects.
研究成果
The analytical formulation for LP01-LP11 mode interference is validated through simulations and experiments, showing good agreement for curvature measurement. Temperature effects can be effectively eliminated using two cores of the FM-MCF, improving measurement accuracy with errors within 6.6%. This work provides a foundation for developing analytical models in optical sensing applications.
研究不足
The analytical formulation relies on weakly guiding and asymptotic approximations, which may introduce errors, especially at high curvatures. The method is specific to LP01-LP11 mode interference in FM-MCFs and may not generalize to other modes or fiber types. Temperature compensation requires two cores with specific spacing, limiting applicability to fibers with multiple cores.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involves theoretical analysis, numerical simulation using finite-element method (FEM), and experimental verification of a curvature sensor based on LP01-LP11 mode interference in a few-mode multi-core fiber (FM-MCF). The analytical formulation for dip wavelength prediction is derived under weakly guiding conditions.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
A fabricated FM-MCF with specific dimensions (cladding diameter 13.1 μm, core diameter 192 μm, core pitch 40 μm, index difference 0.36%) is used. Data are collected from numerical simulations in COMSOL Multi-physics and experimental measurements.
3：1 μm, core diameter 192 μm, core pitch 40 μm, index difference 36%) is used. Data are collected from numerical simulations in COMSOL Multi-physics and experimental measurements. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light source (Haoyuan HYASECG13MFA), optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) (Yokogawa AQ6370C), 3-axis translation stages (resolution 50 nm), beam profiler (Thorlabs BP109-IR), and a cylinder for bending. Materials include the FM-MCF and single-mode fibers (SMFs).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The FM-MCF is cleaved to 120 mm length and connected between SMFs. LP01 and LP11 modes are excited by adjusting axial offset using translation stages. Curvature is applied by depressing the fiber with a cylinder, and transmission spectra are recorded using the OSA. Temperature tests are conducted by varying temperature from 25°C to 60°C.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data are analyzed using analytical equations (e.g., Eq. 10 for curvature response), numerical simulations in COMSOL and MATLAB for fitting, and experimental data comparison to verify accuracy and eliminate temperature effects.
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Optical Spectrum Analyzer
AQ6370C
Yokogawa
Used to measure and analyze the transmission spectra from the fiber sensor.
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Beam Profiler
BP109-IR
Thorlabs
Captures the intensity distribution of optical modes (e.g., LP01 and LP11 modes) to verify mode excitation.
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Amplified Spontaneous Emission
HYASECG13MFA
Haoyuan
Acts as a broadband light source for the experimental setup, providing light in the range of 1525 nm to 1565 nm.
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Translation Stage
Used for precise positioning and adjustment of fibers to excite specific modes and apply curvature.
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Few-Mode Multi-Core Fiber
Serves as the sensing element for curvature measurement, supporting LP01 and LP11 modes in each core.
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