1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

Prospective, nonrandomized controlled study adhering to the Declaration of Helsinki. Reading ability was assessed using the Greek version of the MNREAD chart under various light conditions (intensities of 25, 50, 75 FC and temperatures of 3,000, 4,000, 6,000 K). Statistical analyses included normality tests, t-tests, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U-test, and multiple linear regression.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

75 patients divided into three groups (G1: bifocal IOL, G2: trifocal IOL, CG: monofocal IOL) based on inclusion criteria (senile cataract stage 2 or 3, no astigmatism >1.00 D, etc.) and exclusion criteria (glaucoma, prior surgery, etc.). Data collected at the University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece.

3：00 D, etc.) and exclusion criteria (glaucoma, prior surgery, etc.). Data collected at the University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: MNREAD-GR chart, simulation room with adjustable lighting, Wavelight Topolyzer Vario for pupil measurements, handheld light meter (Topwor-US, Sunche HS1010), Alcon Infinity VisionSystem for surgery, Verion Digital Marker System, various ophthalmic devices and lenses (e.g., ReSTOR, PanOptix, AcrySof IQ SF60WF).

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Pupil measurements in dark room, surgical procedures performed consistently, reading assessments at 40 cm distance with minimal speed of 80 words/min under nine light combinations, subjective preference recording.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, Student's t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U-test, multiple linear regression using Medcalc software.