研究目的
To investigate the optical properties, specifically thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), of KCl crystals doped with europium and cerium, and co-doped with both, for their feasibility in dosimetric applications, focusing on energy transfer mechanisms and sensitivity to ionizing radiation.
研究成果
The co-doping of KCl with Eu and Ce significantly enhances TSL and OSL intensities due to energy transfer from Ce3+ to Eu2+, making KCl:Eu,Ce a promising material for TL and OSL dosimetry with high sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Future work should focus on varying dopant concentrations to improve performance.
研究不足
The study is limited to specific dopant concentrations (0.2 mol%) and a single host material (KCl), which may not generalize to other concentrations or materials. The experimental setup relies on specific equipment brands and models, potentially limiting reproducibility. Further studies are needed to optimize dopant concentrations for higher efficiency in radiation detection applications.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved growing single crystals of KCl doped with Eu, Ce, and co-doped with Eu and Ce using the Czochralski technique to ensure high-quality crystals suitable for dosimetry. Optical characterization methods included XRD for structural analysis, PL for emission studies, and TSL and OSL for dosimetric evaluations.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Crystals were grown from analytical reagents: KCl (99.99%), EuCl3·6H2O (99.9%), and CeCl3·7H2O (99.9%), with dopant concentrations of 0.2 mol% in the melt. Samples were irradiated with gamma rays from a Co-60 source for TSL and OSL measurements.
3：99%), EuCl3·6H2O (9%), and CeCl3·7H2O (9%), with dopant concentrations of 2 mol% in the melt. Samples were irradiated with gamma rays from a Co-60 source for TSL and OSL measurements.
List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment included a Czochralski crystal puller system with programmable translation and rotation movements, an XRD diffractometer (GNR Explorer, Italy), a spectrofluorometer (Jobin–Yvon–Spex Fluorolog v.3, model FL3-11) with a Xenon arc lamp (450 W) for PL, and a TL/OSL reader (Nucleonix, India) for TSL and OSL measurements. Materials were KCl, EuCl3·6H2O, CeCl3·7H2O, and alumina crucibles.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Crystals were grown by melting the mixture in an alumina crucible, using a monocrystalline KCl seed oriented along [100], with pulling rates of 2–4 mm/h and rotation rates of 4–6 rpm. After growth, crystals were cooled slowly to room temperature. XRD was performed on powdered samples, PL spectra were recorded at room temperature with specific excitations (390 nm for Eu, 280 nm for Ce), and TSL/OSL were measured after gamma irradiation at a heating rate of 5°C/s for TSL.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
XRD patterns were compared to ICDD standards for structural confirmation. PL, TSL, and OSL intensities were analyzed to assess emission enhancements and energy transfer. Statistical comparisons were made between single-doped and co-doped crystals.
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