研究目的
To develop a green, non-toxic, and sensitive platform for Cr(VI) detection and bioimaging using carbon dots synthesized from groundnuts via a hydrothermal method.
研究成果
The research successfully demonstrated a green synthesis method for C-dots from groundnuts, with N-doping enhancing quantum yield and selectivity for Cr(VI) detection. The C-dots showed low cytotoxicity and were effective for bioimaging in MCF-7 cells, suggesting potential applications in environmental monitoring and medical diagnostics.
研究不足
The study may have limitations in scalability for industrial applications, potential interference from other metal ions in complex environmental samples, and the need for further in vivo testing to confirm biocompatibility and efficacy for bioimaging.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
Hydrothermal carbonization method was used for synthesizing C-dots and N-doped C-dots from groundnuts, with ethylene diamine as a dopant for N-doping. The method was chosen for its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Groundnuts were sourced from a local market, washed, dried, and powdered. Metal ion solutions were prepared from chloride, sulfate, or nitrate salts. K2Cr2O7 was used for Cr(VI) analysis.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes a hot air oven, autoclave, centrifuge, TEM (Tecnai G2-20 Twin), UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu), spectrofluorometer (Jasco FP-8300), FTIR spectrometer (Shimadzu FTIR-8400), TCSPC instrument (Horiba Jobin Yvon), XRD (Rigaku Ultima IV), confocal microscope (NIKON A1 R), Raman microscope (RENISHAW inVia), and ELISA plate reader (Thermo Scientific MULTISKAN GO V3.2). Materials include groundnuts, ethylene diamine, humic acid, glutathione, phosphate buffer, DMEM medium, fetal bovine serum, streptomycin, MTT reagent, and various metal salts.
4：2). Materials include groundnuts, ethylene diamine, humic acid, glutathione, phosphate buffer, DMEM medium, fetal bovine serum, streptomycin, MTT reagent, and various metal salts. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Synthesis involved hydrothermal treatment of groundnut powder at 250°C for 6 hours, followed by centrifugation and filtration. N-doping was done by adding ethylene diamine. Metal sensing was performed by adding metal ions to C-dot solutions and measuring fluorescence. Bioimaging involved incubating MCF-7 cells with C-dots and imaging with a confocal microscope. Cytotoxicity was assessed via MTT assay.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Fluorescence intensity was measured and analyzed using Stern-Volmer equation for quenching constants. Quantum yield was calculated relative to quinine sulfate. Statistical analysis included correlation coefficients and LOD calculation using the 3σ rule.
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Transmission Electron Microscope
Tecnai G2-20 Twin
FEI
Acquiring TEM images of C-dots to observe size and morphology.
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Spectrofluorometer
FP-8300
Jasco
Recording fluorescence measurements with a 150 W Xe lamp.
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FTIR Spectrometer
FTIR-8400
Shimadzu
Characterizing functional groups on C-dots using infrared spectroscopy.
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X-ray Diffractometer
Ultima IV
Rigaku
Obtaining XRD patterns of C-dots to assess crystallinity.
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ELISA Plate Reader
MULTISKAN GO V3.2
Thermo Scientific
Measuring absorbance in MTT assay for cytotoxicity assessment.
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UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
Shimadzu
Recording absorbance measurements of C-dots and other samples.
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TCSPC Instrument
Horiba Jobin Yvon
Measuring fluorescence lifetime of C-dots.
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Confocal Microscope
A1 R
NIKON
Performing confocal imaging for bioimaging studies on MCF-7 cells.
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Raman Microscope
inVia
RENISHAW
Conducting Raman spectroscopy with a 632 nm laser source.
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Autoclave
Used for hydrothermal synthesis of C-dots at high temperature and pressure.
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Centrifuge
Removing large agglomerated particles after synthesis by centrifugation.
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