1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study designed a membrane distillation device (MDD) with a CNT membrane for solar absorption, a qualitative filter paper for water transmission, and an aerogel blanket for thermal insulation to achieve heat localization and efficient solar steam generation. The non-solvent-induced phase inversion method was used to prepare the CNT membrane.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Carboxyl multi-wall CNTs, PVDF, DMF, qualitative filter paper, and aerogel blanket were sourced from specified suppliers. Deionized water was used in experiments.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Spin coater (AC200-SE, Jiatu, China), SEM (Quanta 250FEG, FEI, USA), UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer (Cary 5000, Agilent, USA), FT-IR spectrometer (Nicolet iS50, Thermo Scientific, USA), high-speed camera (Mikrotron, Germany), thermal imager (TI100, Fluke, USA), xenon lamp (CEL-HXF300, Ceaulight, China), optical power meter (CEL-NP2000, Ceaulight, China), electronic balance (JJ224BF, G&G, China), T-type thermocouples (TT-T-36-SLE, Omega, USA), data acquisition system (Model 34970A, Agilent, USA).

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

The CNT membrane was prepared by spin-coating and phase inversion. The MDD was assembled and exposed to simulated solar light in a PMMA vessel. Weight changes and temperatures were monitored over time to evaluate evaporation rate and thermal conversion efficiency.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Evaporation rate and thermal conversion efficiency were calculated using specified equations. Data were analyzed to assess the effects of CNT concentration and light intensity, and cyclic stability was tested over 10 cycles.