1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study used laser cladding to fabricate a composite coating on 904L stainless steel substrates, aiming to achieve a fine microstructure with TiN reinforcement. Theoretical models include high-entropy alloy principles and phase stability analysis.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Substrates were 904L stainless steel plates (50 mm × 30 mm × 10 mm). Coating materials were pure metal powders (Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Ti) with specific atomic percentages and particle sizes around 74 μm.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment includes a YLS-6000 fiber laser system (IPG Corporation), Spura-40 SEM, FEI Tecnai G2 F20 S-TWIN TEM, X'pert Powder XRD, TG/DTA7300 instrument, JMHV-1000AT hardness tester, and VSP-300 electrochemical workstation. Materials include alcohol for cleaning, aqua regia for etching, and simulated phosphoric acid reactor solution (35 wt% H3PO4 and 40 wt% H2SO4).

4：4). Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Powders were blended for 8 hours, pre-placed on substrates (

5：5 mm thickness), and laser clad with parameters:

output power 1.8 kW, spot diameter 6 mm, scanning rate 7 mm/s, overlap ratio 40%. Samples were cut, polished, etched, and analyzed using SEM, TEM, XRD, DTA/TG, hardness tests, and electrochemical measurements.

6：8 kW, spot diameter 6 mm, scanning rate 7 mm/s, overlap ratio 40%. Samples were cut, polished, etched, and analyzed using SEM, TEM, XRD, DTA/TG, hardness tests, and electrochemical measurements. Data Analysis Methods:

5. Data Analysis Methods: XRD and TEM for phase identification, DTA/TG for thermal stability, hardness tests with averaging, and electrochemical polarization curves for corrosion resistance analysis.