研究目的
To review the use of indocyanine green-enhanced fluorescence imaging for assessing parathyroid gland perfusion during thyroidectomy to prevent postoperative hypocalcemia.
研究成果
ICG-enhanced fluorescence imaging is a promising, safe, and non-invasive technique for real-time assessment of parathyroid gland perfusion during thyroidectomy, potentially reducing postoperative hypocalcemia. However, more clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and standardize its use.
研究不足
The paper is a review and does not present original experimental data; limitations include the need for further large randomized prospective trials to validate the technique, potential variability in ICG dosing and imaging systems, and the subjective nature of perfusion assessment in some cases.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
This is a review article summarizing existing studies and techniques, not an original experimental study. It discusses the application of ICG-enhanced fluorescence in various surgical procedures, including thyroid surgery, based on literature review.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The paper reviews multiple clinical and preclinical studies from the literature, such as canine models and human trials in cholecystectomy, colorectal surgery, sleeve gastrectomy, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and thyroid surgery.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes specialized scopes, cameras (e.g., KARL STORZ IMAGE1 SPIES, Novadaq SPY Elite, Stryker ENV system, da Vinci Surgical System with Firefly), light sources, and ICG dye. Materials include ICG injection and surgical tools.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Procedures involve intravenous injection of ICG, use of NIR light for excitation, detection of fluorescence with cameras, and real-time imaging to assess perfusion in tissues like parathyroid glands.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Analysis includes subjective evaluation of fluorescence intensity (e.g., rated as 'good', 'blurry', or 'absent'), and in some studies, software for objective measurement of fluorescence intensity.
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1394 ORCA-ER CCD camera
1394 ORCA-ER
Hamamatsu Photonics
CCD camera for capturing real-time fluorescent images in preclinical studies, used with filters for NIR light.
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IMAGE1 SPIES
IMAGE1 SPIES
KARL STORZ
High-definition camera system for fluorescence imaging in surgery, used with laparoscopes to detect NIR fluorescence from ICG.
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SPY Elite
SPY Elite
Novadaq
Intraoperative imaging system for visualizing microvascular blood flow and tissue perfusion using ICG fluorescence.
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ENV system
ENV
Stryker
Endoscopic near-infrared visualization system for real-time imaging of blood flow, tissue perfusion, and biliary ducts during surgery.
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da Vinci Surgical System
da Vinci Si
Intuitive Surgical
Robotic surgical system with Firefly technology for NIR fluorescence imaging to identify anatomical landmarks and assess tissue perfusion.
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Indocyanine Green
Indocyanine Green Injection
Dongindang Pharmaceutical
Fluorescent dye used for enhanced imaging in surgical procedures, injected intravenously to bind to plasma proteins and emit fluorescence under NIR light.
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D-LIGHT P SCB
D-LIGHT P SCB
KARL STORZ
Xenon light source providing both visible and NIR excitation light for fluorescence imaging.
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Wide-zoom lens
Not specified
Nikon
Lens used with CCD camera for imaging in experimental studies.
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Diode laser
785 nm, 500 mW
Not specified
Laser source for exciting ICG fluorescence in experimental settings.
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