1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study employed a sol-gel method for synthesizing Pd-doped TiO2 photocatalysts using a Pluronic F-127 soft template to enhance morphological properties. Photocatalytic experiments were conducted in the Photo-CREC Water II reactor system to measure hydrogen production under near-UV light irradiation, with macroscopic radiation energy balances used for precise photon absorption calculations.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Photocatalysts were prepared with Pd loadings ranging from 0.25 to 5.00 wt%. Ethanol (2.0 v/v%) was used as the sacrificial agent. Data were collected from repeated experiments (at least three times) to ensure reproducibility, with gas and liquid samples analyzed using gas chromatography and HPLC.

3：25 to 00 wt%. Ethanol (0 v/v%) was used as the sacrificial agent. Data were collected from repeated experiments (at least three times) to ensure reproducibility, with gas and liquid samples analyzed using gas chromatography and HPLC. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes the Photo-CREC Water II reactor, BET surface area analyzer (Micromeritics ASAP 2010), pulse chemisorption unit (Micromeritics AutoChem II Analyzer), X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku Rotating Anode), UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-3600), XPS analyzer, gas chromatograph (Shimadzu GC2010), and HPLC system (Shimadzu UFLC). Materials include ethanol, hydrochloric acid, Pluronic F-127, citric acid, titanium(IV) isopropoxide, palladium(II) chloride, and argon gas.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Photocatalysts were synthesized via sol-gel method, calcined at 500°C, and characterized for surface area, pore size, crystallite size, band gap, and chemical composition. Hydrogen production experiments were conducted in the Photo-CREC Water II reactor with controlled conditions (photocatalyst concentration, ethanol concentration, pH, atmosphere). Radiation measurements were taken using a spectrometer, and samples were analyzed periodically over 6 hours of irradiation.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using BET and BJH methods for surface area and pore size, Scherrer equation for crystallite size, Tauc plot for band gap, and macroscopic radiation energy balance for photon absorption rates. Quantum yields were calculated based on hydrogen production rates and absorbed photons, with statistical analysis for standard deviations.