研究目的
To elaborate on the challenges of optical diagnostics for large fusion devices like ITER, using the CXRS diagnostic design as a case study, and to provide insight into the design process for complex diagnostic systems.
研究成果
The paper provides an overview of the design challenges for optical diagnostics in ITER, emphasizing the importance of protective measures for the first mirror and the integration of subsystems. It highlights the need for high throughput, spatial resolution, and radiation shielding, and suggests that further development and testing are required for successful implementation.
研究不足
The design is conceptual and based on simulations and existing systems; practical implementation in ITER may face challenges such as neutron radiation, high particle fluxes, and the need for remote handling. The cleaning system's effectiveness and the durability of mirrors under extreme conditions are not fully validated.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The paper discusses the design of the CXRS diagnostic for ITER, focusing on optical layouts, light collection, and transport systems. It reviews theoretical aspects of charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS), including spectral profiles and background considerations.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
References to existing systems on tokamaks like TEXTOR and JET are used for comparison and validation.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Includes diagnostic neutral beam (DNB), mirrors (e.g., rhodium or molybdenum), shutters, ducts, cleaning systems, spectrometers, and optical components like telescopes and endoscopes.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Describes the integration of protective measures (ducts, shutters, cleaning discharges) to mitigate mirror degradation, with steps for light collection, transmission, and data acquisition.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Mentions the use of software like ADAS, CXSFIT, and SOS for spectral analysis and simulation, and methods for background subtraction and parameter extraction from spectra.
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Diagnostic Neutral Beam
DNB
ITER
Injects neutral hydrogen atoms into the plasma for charge-exchange reactions, enabling spectroscopic measurements.
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Spectrometer
Analyzes the spectral profiles of emitted light to extract parameters like ion temperature and rotation velocities.
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Mirror
M1 (First Mirror)
Collects and reflects light from the plasma; made of rhodium or molybdenum for high reflectance.
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Shutter
Protects the mirrors from particle fluxes when not in use; opens and closes rapidly.
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Optical Duct
Reduces particle flux to the mirrors through baffles or fins; attenuates flux by factors up to 100.
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Cleaning System
Uses DC or RF discharges to remove deposits from mirrors; includes an end-of-cleaning indicator.
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Telescope
Cassegrain
Collects light from the plasma; used in systems like those on TEXTOR and JET.
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Endoscope
KL11
Achromatic optical device for spectroscopic observation with high spatial resolution.
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Software
ADAS
ADAS Project
Provides atomic data and analysis for CXRS, including codes for spectral fitting and simulation.
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Software
CXSFIT
Used for spectral analysis of CXRS data.
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Software
SOS
Simulation of Spectra software for generating synthetic spectra.
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