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[IEEE 2018 Eighth International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA) - Xi'an, China (2018.11.7-2018.11.10)] 2018 Eighth International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA) - Comparative study of visual saliency maps in the problem of classification of architectural images with Deep CNNs

DOI:10.1109/ipta.2018.8608125 出版年份:2018 更新时间:2025-09-23 15:22:29
摘要: Incorporating Human Visual System (HVS) models into building of classifiers has become an intensively researched field in visual content mining. In the variety of models of HVS we are interested in so-called visual saliency maps. Contrarily to scan-paths they model instantaneous attention assigning the degree of interestingness/saliency for humans to each pixel in the image plane. In various tasks of visual content understanding, these maps proved to be efficient stressing contribution of the areas of interest in image plane to classifiers models. In previous works saliency layers have been introduced in Deep CNNs, showing that they allow reducing training time getting similar accuracy and loss values in optimal models. In case of large image collections efficient building of saliency maps is based on predictive models of visual attention. They are generally bottom-up and are not adapted to specific visual tasks. Unless they are built for specific content, such as 'urban images'-targeted saliency maps we also compare in this paper. In present research we propose a 'bootstrap' strategy of building visual saliency maps for particular tasks of visual data mining. A small collection of images relevant to the visual understanding problem is annotated with gaze fixations. Then the propagation to a large training dataset is ensured and compared with the classical GBVS model and a recent method of saliency for urban image content. The classification results within Deep CNN framework are promising compared to the purely automatic visual saliency prediction.
作者: Abraham Montoya Obeso,Jenny Benois-Pineau,Kamel Guissous,Valerie Gouet-Brunet,Mireya S. García Vázquez,Alejandro A. Ramírez Acosta
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To compare the influence of adding 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' saliency maps in a CNN framework for classifying 67 specific architectural structures of Mexican culture, and to propose a bootstrap strategy for building visual saliency maps based on gaze fixations.

The COSAL model, based on gaze fixations and co-saliency propagation, achieved the highest testing accuracy of 88.80±0.40%, outperforming GBVS and SMUIC models. This demonstrates that top-down saliency maps built from human visual attention are more effective for CNN-based classification of architectural images than purely automatic methods. The bootstrap strategy allows efficient scaling to large datasets with minimal manual annotation.

The homography estimation for saliency propagation may not always be accurate due to perspective changes and matching issues, potentially leading to incorrect saliency maps. The psycho-visual experiment is limited to a small subset of images and a specific group of subjects, which may not generalize. The saliency pooling layer introduces non-deterministic behavior, requiring multiple tests for reliable results.

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