研究目的
To develop and evaluate a ratiometric nanothermometry strategy based on Eu3+ ion luminescence activated through upconversion processes in tridoped SrF2 nanoparticles for temperature sensing in small areas with NIR excitation.
研究成果
The developed tridoped SrF2:Yb3+,Tm3+,Eu3+ nanoparticles exhibit high relative thermal sensitivity (up to 1.1% K-1) and independence from excitation power fluctuations, making them effective upconverting nanothermometers. This approach enables the use of Eu3+ ions for temperature sensing with NIR excitation, filling spectral gaps in existing nanothermometry methods.
研究不足
The study is limited to the temperature range of 20-60°C and uses specific nanoparticle compositions. The uncertainty in temperature measurements depends on the instrumental setup and could be improved with better equipment. The nanoparticles may have surface ions affected by solvent vibrations, influencing emission properties.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employs a hydrothermal synthesis method for nanoparticle preparation, followed by structural, morphological, and spectroscopic investigations to characterize the upconversion properties and thermal sensitivity. A ratiometric technique using luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) is used for temperature evaluation.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Tridoped SrF2:Yb3+,Tm3+,Eu3+ nanoparticles are synthesized with specific molar ratios. Reference samples without Tm3+ are also prepared. Colloidal dispersions in water and D2O are used for experiments.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes a Thermo ARL X'TRA powder diffractometer for XRPD, JEOL 3010 high-resolution electron microscope for TEM/HRTEM, MDLIII980 laser diode for excitation, Sr-500i monochromator with CCD camera for spectroscopy, and a thermal bath with K-type thermocouple for temperature control. Materials include metal chlorides (SrCl2·6H2O, YbCl3·6H2O, EuCl3·6H2O, TmCl3·6H2O), sodium citrate dihydrate, NH4F, deionized water, acetone, and ethanol.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Nanoparticles are synthesized hydrothermally at 190°C for 6 hours, precipitated with acetone, and dispersed in water. Structural analysis is done via XRPD and TEM. Spectroscopy involves exciting samples with a 980 nm laser and recording emission spectra at various temperatures and laser powers. Temperature is controlled with a thermal bath.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Emission spectra are analyzed to calculate LIR values. Relative sensitivity (Sr) and minimum temperature uncertainty (ΔTmin) are determined using defined formulas. Power dependence slopes are evaluated from log-log plots.
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powder diffractometer
ARL X'TRA
Thermo
Used for X-ray powder diffraction measurements to analyze the structural properties of nanoparticles.
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high resolution electron microscope
JEOL 3010
JEOL
Used for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) to investigate the morphology and size of nanoparticles.
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laser diode
MDLIII980
CNI
Used as the excitation source at 980 nm for upconversion emission spectroscopy.
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monochromator
Sr-500i
ANDOR
Used to record emission spectra with high spectral resolution.
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CCD camera
DU420A-BVF
ANDOR
Used in conjunction with the monochromator to detect and record emission spectra.
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thermocouple
K-type
Used to measure temperature with high sensitivity during spectroscopy experiments.
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digestion pressure vessel
DAB-2
Berghof
Used for hydrothermal synthesis of nanoparticles at high temperature and pressure.
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