研究目的
Investigating the structural organization of water and aqueous solutions under an optical microscope to detail previously obtained results and understand the microdispersed nature of these liquids.
研究成果
Water and aqueous solutions are microdispersed systems with NaCl microcrystals surrounded by hydrated water shells, forming coacervates under certain conditions. This structuring is inherent and not dependent on substrate properties. The findings provide insights into water's anomalous properties and suggest implications for biological and environmental systems, with recommendations for future studies on crystal formation mechanisms.
研究不足
The study relies on optical microscopy, which may have resolution limits for smaller structures. The origin of NaCl microcrystals is not fully determined, and further research is needed to trace their formation mechanism. Potential influences from environmental contaminants or experimental conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity) could affect results, and the methods may not capture all aspects of water's molecular dynamics.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study used optical microscopy to observe water and aqueous solutions in thin layers (~8 μm) to investigate their microstructure. Transmitted light microscopy was employed, and samples were prepared on various substrates including glass slides, cover glasses, Petri dishes, and mica capillaries to exclude surface influence.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Samples included distilled water (specific electrical conductivity 4.5 μS/cm, pH 7.0), tap water (specific conductivity 550 μS/cm), ultrapure water (specific conductivity 0.04–0.05 μS/cm, pH 5.4–7.0), mineral water 'Seraphim Dar' (mineralization 0.05–0.12 g/L), aqueous solutions of instant coffee 'Nescafe Gold', dry white wine 'Chardonnay Tamani', and NaCl solutions of varying concentrations. Samples were applied as droplets (5 μL) using a microdoser.
3：5 μS/cm, pH 0), tap water (specific conductivity 550 μS/cm), ultrapure water (specific conductivity 04–05 μS/cm, pH 4–0), mineral water 'Seraphim Dar' (mineralization 05–12 g/L), aqueous solutions of instant coffee 'Nescafe Gold', dry white wine 'Chardonnay Tamani', and NaCl solutions of varying concentrations. Samples were applied as droplets (5 μL) using a microdoser.
List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Levenhuk microscope with video camera and ToupView program, microscope slides and cover glasses from ApexLab (Russia), Petri dishes (polystyrene, sterile, MiniMed, Russia), Sartorius microdoser (Biohit), NaCl brand 'hch' ('Reaktiv', Russia), centrifuge (5000 rpm for 20 minutes), scanning white light microscope ZYGO NewView 7000 (Objective: 50x mirau, Camera Res:
4：110 μm, Image Zoom:
2×), fine graphite powder, muscovite crystals.
5：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Droplets of liquids were applied to substrates and covered with coverslips or placed in slit capillaries. Observations were made in transmitted light. Centrifugation was performed on some samples, and smears were prepared from the bottom fraction. Drying experiments were conducted in open air, and heating/cooling treatments were applied. Surface analysis with graphite coating and interference microscopy was done.
6：Data Analysis Methods:
Optical images were analyzed qualitatively for structural features. Chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for water content analysis in dried samples, and X-ray analysis confirmed NaCl crystals. Data fitting (e.g., polynomial for thermal desorption) and visual assessments were performed.
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