研究目的
To test the tunability of charge transfer (CT)-based BODIPY photosensitizers in generating singlet oxygen (1D g) by synthesizing and characterizing meso-phenyl-BODIPY compounds with varying methoxy groups to enhance electron-donating ability and CT efficiency.
研究成果
The synthesized methoxy-phenyl-BODIPY compounds exhibit tunable singlet oxygen generation efficiency through enhanced charge transfer, influenced by the number of methoxy groups and solvent polarity. Higher CT efficiency leads to increased singlet oxygen quantum yields, decreased fluorescence, and confirmed triplet state formation. These findings support the design of heavy-atom-free photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, with potential for further development in aqueous environments and tumor cell applications.
研究不足
The study is limited to organic solvents; water solubility is not addressed, which may restrict in vivo applications. The methoxy position effects are complex and not fully optimized. H-bonding in methanol causes deviations in trends. Further improvements in solubility and biological testing are needed.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved synthesizing twelve meso-phenyl-BODIPY compounds with 0 to 3 methoxy groups to act as donor-acceptor entities. Photophysical properties (UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence emission, quantum yields, lifetimes) and singlet oxygen generation were measured. DFT quantum chemical computations were used to explain experimental results.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Compounds were synthesized using aldehydes and 2,4-dimethylpyrrole, with characterization via NMR, HRMS, and UV-Vis spectra. Solvents of varying polarities (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, THF, pinacolone, acetone, methanol, acetonitrile) were used for measurements.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Chemicals from Sigma-Aldrich, Acros Organics, Merck, or Fluka; solvents dried and redistilled; silica gel for chromatography; Bruker dmx NMR spectrometer (600 MHz for 1H, 75 MHz for 13C); LTQ Orbitrap XL TOF spectrometer for mass spectra; Vary 8454 spectrometer for UV-Vis absorption; FLS 920 Fluorescence Spectrometer for fluorescence measurements; laser flash photolysis setup for triplet state identification; Gaussian 09 package for DFT computations.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Synthesis via one-pot reaction with aldehydes and 2,4-dimethylpyrrole in dichloromethane, addition of trifluoroacetic acid, 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichlorobenzoquinone, N,N-Diisopropylethylamine, and boron trifluoride etherate, followed by purification. Photophysical measurements included absorption and fluorescence spectra, quantum yields using comparative method with fluorescein reference, lifetimes via TCSPC, singlet oxygen quantum yields using DPBF chemical trapping with 8-methylthio-2,6-diiodoBODIPY reference, and laser flash photolysis for triplet state.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Fluorescence quantum yields calculated using comparative equation; singlet oxygen quantum yields calculated based on DPBF photobleaching kinetics; DFT computations with B3LYP functional and 6-311G basis set, including solvent effects via CPCM model.
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NMR Spectrometer
dmx
Bruker
Recording 1H and 13C NMR spectra for compound characterization.
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UV-Vis Spectrometer
Vary 8454
Agilent Technologies
Recording ground-state UV-visible absorption spectra.
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Fluorescence Spectrometer
FLS 920
Edinburgh Instruments
Acquiring fluorescence excitation and emission spectra, quantum yields, and lifetimes.
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Software
F900
Edinburgh Instruments Ltd
Computing fluorescence lifetime values from TCSPC data.
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Mass Spectrometer
LTQ Orbitrap XL TOF
Registering mass spectra via atmospheric pressure chemical injection.
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Diode Laser
Excitation for fluorescence lifetime measurements.
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Pulsed Laser
Excitation for laser flash photolysis to identify triplet excited state.
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Software
Gaussian 09
Performing DFT quantum chemical computations for structural optimization and HOMO/LUMO analysis.
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