研究目的
To grow high-quality single crystals of 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde (2H1N) using the vertical Bridgman method and investigate their structural, thermal, optical, and electrical properties for nonlinear optical applications.
研究成果
The 2H1N single crystal grown by vertical Bridgman method exhibits excellent structural integrity, high optical transparency, significant third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ3 = 1.90 × 10?? esu), good optical limiting and clamping values, and favorable dielectric properties with low loss. These findings suggest it is highly suitable for photonic applications such as optical limiters, sensors, and nonlinear optical devices.
研究不足
The crystal is thermally stable only up to 85°C, limiting high-temperature applications. The study is focused on a single organic compound, and scalability or integration into devices was not addressed. Potential optimizations include exploring other growth techniques or doping for enhanced properties.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employed the vertical Bridgman method for crystal growth, using a double-wall ampoule to control thermal stress and nucleation. Characterization methods included TG-DTA for thermal analysis, SXRD and PXRD for structural analysis, NMR and FTIR for bonding and functional group analysis, UV-Vis-NIR for optical transparency, z-scan for nonlinear optical properties, and dielectric measurements for electrical properties.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The raw material 2H1N was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Technical grade, H45353). Crystals were grown and analyzed in-house.
3:3). Crystals were grown and analyzed in-house. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment included a vertical Bridgman furnace, double-wall borosilicate glass ampoule (Type
4:3 glass), KAPPA APEXII Bruker single crystal X-ray diffractometer, D8 Advance Bruker powder X-ray diffractometer, Bruker Avance III 500 MHz NMR spectrometer, Perkin Elmer Spectrum1 ATR-FT-IR instrument, Perkin-Elmer Lambda-35 UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer, z-scan setup with 532 nm diode-pumped Nd:
YAG laser, and HIOKI 3532-50 LCR HiTester for dielectric measurements.
5:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The ampoule was loaded with 2H1N, sealed under vacuum, and translated at
6:3 mm/hr in the furnace. After growth, crystals were cut, polished, and subjected to various analyses:
TG-DTA from 38°C to 500°C, SXRD for lattice parameters, PXRD for phase analysis, NMR in acetone-d6, FTIR from 450-4000 cm?1, UV-Vis-NIR from 200-1100 nm, z-scan with closed and open apertures, and dielectric measurements from 50 Hz to 5 MHz.
7:Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using software for XRD indexing, theoretical fits for z-scan parameters (n2, β, χ3), and standard formulas for optical and dielectric properties.
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Single Crystal X-ray Diffractometer
KAPPA APEXII
Bruker
Structural analysis to determine lattice parameters
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Powder X-ray Diffractometer
D8 Advance
Bruker
Phase analysis of the crystal
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NMR Spectrometer
Avance III 500 MHz
Bruker
Analysis of bonding and structure using 1H and 13C NMR
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FTIR Spectrometer
Spectrum1 ATR-FT-IR
Perkin Elmer
Detection of functional groups and vibrations
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UV-Vis-NIR Spectrometer
Lambda-35
Perkin-Elmer
Measurement of optical transmittance
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2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde
H45353
Sigma Aldrich
Raw material for crystal growth
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Laser
Diode-pumped Nd:YAG
Source for z-scan measurements of nonlinear optical properties
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LCR Meter
3532-50 HiTester
HIOKI
Dielectric measurements
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Double-wall Ampoule
Container for crystal growth using vertical Bridgman method
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