研究目的
To address issues related to the low photovoltage of pyrite, the unclear methods for producing reliable n and p type samples, and the relevance of stoichiometry in pyrite thin films and single crystals.
研究成果
The study confirms n-type doping in Co/Fe bilayers, identifies a substrate interaction causing Seebeck sign change in Ti/Fe on sodalime glass due to TiO2 formation, and highlights inconsistencies in electrical transport characterization, suggesting the need for additional research on doping and conduction mechanisms in pyrite thin films.
研究不足
Non-reproducibility in Hall Effect measurements for undoped Fe films and Ti/Fe bilayers, uncertainty in majority carrier type determination, and the need for further investigations into doping mechanisms and sample properties.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involves sulfuration of metallic layers (Fe, Ti/Fe, Co/Fe) on amorphous substrates (sodalime glass and fused quartz) at temperatures up to 600°C for 20 hours to form pyrite thin films. Seebeck coefficient and Hall Effect measurements are conducted at room temperature to analyze electrical transport properties.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Samples include Fe thin films, Ti/Fe and Co/Fe bilayers deposited on sodalime glass and amorphous quartz substrates. Thicknesses are measured using a profilometer.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes thermal evaporation system (Edwards E306 A), profilometer (Sloan Dektak IIA), X-ray diffractometer (X'Pert PRO Panalytical), Raman spectrometer (Labram HR), SEM (Hitachi S-3000N), Seebeck coefficient apparatus (custom-built), and Hall Effect measurement system (Ecopia). Materials include sulfur powder (Merck,
4:75%), Ti (Alfa Aesar, 7%), Fe (Goodfellow, 9%), Co (JMC, 7%), sodalime glass (Corning 7059), and fused quartz substrates. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Metallic layers are deposited by thermal evaporation, sulfurated in sealed ampoules with sulfur powder, and characterized structurally (XRD, Raman, SEM) and electrically (Seebeck and Hall Effect measurements).
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Data are analyzed to determine Seebeck coefficient, Hall constant, carrier concentration, and mobility, with discussions based on existing knowledge of pyrite properties.
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X-ray Diffractometer
X'Pert PRO Panalytical
Panalytical
Structural characterization of films using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction.
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Scanning Electron Microscope
Hitachi S-3000N
Hitachi
Morphological investigation of pyrite films.
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Sodalime Glass
Corning 7059
Corning
Substrate for film deposition.
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Thermal Evaporation System
Edwards E306 A
Edwards
Deposition of metallic layers (Fe, Ti, Co) onto substrates.
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Profilometer
Sloan Dektak IIA
Sloan
Measurement of film thicknesses with accuracy ±1 nm.
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Raman Spectrometer
Labram HR
Horiba Scientific
Compositional analysis using micro-Raman spectroscopy.
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Hall Effect Measurement System
Ecopia
Ecopia
Measurement of Hall constant and carrier concentration.
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Sulfur Powder
Merck
Used for sulfuration process to form pyrite films.
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Titanium
Alfa Aesar
Material for Ti layers in bilayers.
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Iron
Goodfellow
Material for Fe layers in films and bilayers.
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Cobalt
JMC
Material for Co layers in bilayers.
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Fused Quartz
Substrate for film deposition.
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